一般如下:系统崩溃,rman使用控制文件,没有使用控制文件自动备份,现在仅有最后一次全备(备份中包括控制文件),以及其增量备份,规档备份.
通常这种情况下不能使用常规RMAN来恢复，因为此全备份中备份的控制文件中没有包含本次的备份信息，rman使用控制文件备份的时候是先备份控制文件
后备份其它信息
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背景知识
在Oracle 816 以后的版本中,Oracle提供了一个包:DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE 包是由dbmsbkrs.sql 和 prvtbkrs.plb 这两个脚本创建的.catproc.sql 脚本运行后会调用这两个包.所以是每个数据库都有的这个包是Oracle服务器和操作系统之间IO操作的接口.由恢复管理器直接调用。而且据说这两个脚本的功能是内建到Oracle的一些库文件中的.
由此可见，我们可以在数据库 nomount 情况下调用这些package ,来达到我们的恢复目的。在dbmsbkrs.sql 和prvtbkrs.plb 这两个脚本中有详细的说明文档
关键的内容有：
FUNCTION deviceAllocate(
type IN varchar2 default NULL
,name IN varchar2 default NULL
,ident IN varchar2 default NULL
,noio IN boolean default FALSE
,params IN varchar2 default NULL )
RETURN varchar2;
PROCEDURE restoreControlfileTo(cfname IN varchar2);
PROCEDURE restoreDataFileTo( dfnumber IN binary_integer
,toname IN varchar2 default NULL);
SQL>startup force nomount;
SQL>
DECLARE
devtype varchar2(256);
done boolean;
BEGIN
--分配一个device channel，如果使用的操作系统文件，type就为空，如果是从磁带上恢复要用 "sbt_tape"；
devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
--指明开始restore
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
--指出待恢复文件目标存储位置；
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlfileTo(cfname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETCONTROL01.CTL');
--sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlfileTo(cfname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETCONTROL02.CTL');
--sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlfileTo(cfname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETCONTROL03.CTL');
--指定备份集的位置
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:ORA9I6095222264.RMAN', params=>null);
--释放通道
sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
END;
可以通过该语句得到file#和name的对应关系
select 'sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>' || file# ||
',toname=>' ||chr(39)|| name ||chr(39) || ');',
'sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>' || file# ||
',toname=>' ||chr(39)|| name ||chr(39) || ');'
from v$datafile;
在nomount状态下执行以下语句
恢复0级备份的语句
DECLARE
devtype varchar2(256);
done boolean;
BEGIN
devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETSYSTEM01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETUNDOTBS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETCWMLITE01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETDRSYS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>5,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETEXAMPLE01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>6,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETINDX01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>7,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETODM01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>8,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETTOOLS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>9,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETUSERS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>10,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETXDB01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>11,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETBJIC.ORA');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>12,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETPM_USERS.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:ORA9I6095222264.RMAN', params=>null);
sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
END;
恢复增量备份的语句
DECLARE
devtype varchar2(256);
done boolean;
BEGIN
devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile;
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETSYSTEM01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETUNDOTBS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETCWMLITE01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETDRSYS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>5,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETEXAMPLE01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>6,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETINDX01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>7,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETODM01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>8,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETTOOLS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>9,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETUSERS01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>10,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETXDB01.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>11,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETBJIC.ORA');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile(dfnumber=>12,toname=>'D:ORACLEORADATAFENETPM_USERS.DBF');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.applyBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:ORA9I6095222264.L1', params=>null);
sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate
END;
恢复归档日志archive log文件
SQL>DECLARE
devtype varchar2(256);
done boolean;
BEGIN
devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetArchivedLog;
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreArchivedLogRange;
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:ORA9I6095222264.arc',params=>null);
sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
END
mount数据库
SQL> alter database mount;
恢复数据库到某一时间点
SQL> >recover database until time '2006-12-14 10:00:00';
启动数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;