fnamtch就是filenamematch, 在python中利用符合linuxshell风格的匹配模块来进行文件名的匹配筛选工作。
fnmatch()函数匹配能力介于简单的字符串方法和强大的正则表达式之间，如果在数据处理操作中只需要简单的通配符就能完成的时候，这通常是一个比较合理的方案。此模块的主要作用是文件名称的匹配，并且匹配的模式使用的Unix shell风格。源码很简单：
"""Filename matching with shell patterns.
fnmatch(FILENAME, PATTERN) matches according to the local convention.
fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN) always takes case in account.
The functions operate by translating the pattern into a regular
expression. They cache the compiled regular expressions for speed.
The function translate(PATTERN) returns a regular expression
corresponding to PATTERN. (It does not compile it.)
"""
import os
import posixpath
import re
import functools
__all__ = ["filter", "fnmatch", "fnmatchcase", "translate"]
def fnmatch(name, pat):
"""Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN.
Patterns are Unix shell style:
* matches everything
? matches any single character
[seq] matches any character in seq
[!seq] matches any char not in seq
An initial period in FILENAME is not special.
Both FILENAME and PATTERN are first case-normalized
if the operating system requires it.
If you don't want this, use fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN).
"""
name = os.path.normcase(name)
pat = os.path.normcase(pat)
return fnmatchcase(name, pat)
@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=256, typed=True)
def _compile_pattern(pat):
if isinstance(pat, bytes):
pat_str = str(pat, 'ISO-8859-1')
res_str = translate(pat_str)
res = bytes(res_str, 'ISO-8859-1')
else:
res = translate(pat)
return re.compile(res).match
def filter(names, pat):
"""Return the subset of the list NAMES that match PAT."""
result = []
pat = os.path.normcase(pat)
match = _compile_pattern(pat)
if os.path is posixpath:
# normcase on posix is NOP. Optimize it away from the loop.
for name in names:
if match(name):
result.append(name)
else:
for name in names:
if match(os.path.normcase(name)):
result.append(name)
return result
def fnmatchcase(name, pat):
"""Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN, including case.
This is a version of fnmatch() which doesn't case-normalize
its arguments.
"""
match = _compile_pattern(pat)
return match(name) is not None
def translate(pat):
"""Translate a shell PATTERN to a regular expression.
There is no way to quote meta-characters.
"""
i, n = 0, len(pat)
res = ''
while i < n:
c = pat[i]
i = i+1
if c == '*':
res = res + '.*'
elif c == '?':
res = res + '.'
elif c == '[':
j = i
if j < n and pat[j] == '!':
j = j+1
if j < n and pat[j] == ']':
j = j+1
while j < n and pat[j] != ']':
j = j+1
if j >= n:
res = res + '\\['
else:
stuff = pat[i:j].replace('\\','\\\\')
i = j+1
if stuff[0] == '!':
stuff = '^' + stuff[1:]
elif stuff[0] == '^':
stuff = '\\' + stuff
res = '%s[%s]' % (res, stuff)
else:
res = res + re.escape(c)
return r'(?s:%s)\Z' % res
另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联scvps.cn，海内外云服务器15元起步，三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线，公司持有idc许可证，提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案，具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势，专为企业上云打造定制，能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。