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在开发 Web 项目的时候，经常需要过滤器来处理一些请求，包括字符集转换什么的，记录请求日志什么的等等。在之前的 Web 开发中，我们习惯把过滤器配置到 web.xml 中，但是在 SpringBoot 中，兵没有这个配置文件，该如何操作呢？
1.编写一个过滤器：
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns="/dyflight/*")
public class IpFilter implements Filter{
/**
* 默认限制时间（单位：ms）3600000,3600(s),
*/
private static final long LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS = 10 * 1000;
/**
* 用户连续访问最高阀值，超过该值则认定为恶意操作的IP，进行限制
*/
private static final int LIMIT_NUMBER = 5;
/**
* 用户访问最小安全时间，在该时间内如果访问次数大于阀值，则记录为恶意IP，否则视为正常访问
*/
private static final int MIN_SAFE_TIME = 5000;
private FilterConfig config;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.config = filterConfig; //设置属性filterConfig
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain)
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
ServletContext context = config.getServletContext();
// 获取限制IP存储器：存储被限制的IP信息
//Map limitedIpMap = (Map) context.getAttribute("limitedIpMap");
ConcurrentHashMap limitedIpMap = (ConcurrentHashMap) context.getAttribute("limitedIpMap");
// 过滤受限的IP
filterLimitedIpMap(limitedIpMap);
// 获取用户IP
String ip = IPUtil.getRemoteIpAddr(request);
System.err.println("ip:"+ip);
// 判断是否是被限制的IP，如果是则跳到异常页面
if (isLimitedIP(limitedIpMap, ip)) {
long limitedTime = limitedIpMap.get(ip) - System.currentTimeMillis();
// 剩余限制时间(用为从毫秒到秒转化的一定会存在些许误差，但基本可以忽略不计)
request.setAttribute("remainingTime", ((limitedTime / 1000) + (limitedTime % 1000 > 0 ? 1 : 0)));
System.err.println("ip访问过于频繁："+ip);
throw new RuntimeException("ip访问过于频繁");
}
// 获取IP存储器
ConcurrentHashMap ipMap = (ConcurrentHashMap) context.getAttribute("ipMap");
// 判断存储器中是否存在当前IP，如果没有则为初次访问，初始化该ip
// 如果存在当前ip，则验证当前ip的访问次数
// 如果大于限制阀值，判断达到阀值的时间，如果不大于[用户访问最小安全时间]则视为恶意访问，跳转到异常页面
if (ipMap.containsKey(ip)) {
Long[] ipInfo = ipMap.get(ip);
ipInfo[0] = ipInfo[0] + 1;
log.debug("当前第[" + (ipInfo[0]) + "]次访问");
if (ipInfo[0] > LIMIT_NUMBER) {
Long ipAccessTime = ipInfo[1];
Long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.debug("ip访问过于频繁：currentTimeMillis: "+currentTimeMillis+" - ipAccessTime:"+ipAccessTime+" : " + (currentTimeMillis - ipAccessTime) + "<="+ MIN_SAFE_TIME);
if (currentTimeMillis - ipAccessTime <= MIN_SAFE_TIME) {
limitedIpMap.put(ip, currentTimeMillis + LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS);
request.setAttribute("remainingTime", LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS);
log.debug("ip访问过于频繁：LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS:"+LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS);
log.debug("ip访问过于频繁："+ip);
throw new RuntimeException("ip访问过于频繁");
} else {
initIpVisitsNumber(ipMap, ip);
}
}
} else {
initIpVisitsNumber(ipMap, ip);
System.out.println("您首次访问该网站");
}
context.setAttribute("ipMap", ipMap);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @Description 过滤受限的IP，剔除已经到期的限制IP
* @param limitedIpMap
*/
private void filterLimitedIpMap(ConcurrentHashMap limitedIpMap) {
if (limitedIpMap == null) {
return;
}
Set keys = limitedIpMap.keySet();
Iterator keyIt = keys.iterator();
long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (keyIt.hasNext()) {
long expireTimeMillis = limitedIpMap.get(keyIt.next());
log.debug("expireTimeMillis <= currentTimeMillis:"+ expireTimeMillis+" <="+ currentTimeMillis);
if (expireTimeMillis <= currentTimeMillis) {
keyIt.remove();
}
}
}
/**
* @Description 是否是被限制的IP
* @param limitedIpMap
* @param ip
* @return true : 被限制 | false : 正常
*/
private boolean isLimitedIP(ConcurrentHashMap limitedIpMap, String ip) {
if (limitedIpMap == null || ip == null) {
// 没有被限制
return false;
}
Set keys = limitedIpMap.keySet();
Iterator keyIt = keys.iterator();
while (keyIt.hasNext()) {
String key = keyIt.next();
if (key.equals(ip)) {
// 被限制的IP
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 初始化用户访问次数和访问时间
*
* @param ipMap
* @param ip
*/
private void initIpVisitsNumber(ConcurrentHashMap ipMap, String ip) {
Long[] ipInfo = new Long[2];
ipInfo[0] = 0L;// 访问次数
ipInfo[1] = System.currentTimeMillis();// 初次访问时间
ipMap.put(ip, ipInfo);
}
} 2. 创建一个监听器：需要初始化俩个容器：
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@Slf4j
@WebListener
public class MyApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
log.debug("liting: contextInitialized");
log.debug("MyApplicationListener初始化成功");
ServletContext context = sce.getServletContext();
// IP存储器
ConcurrentHashMap ipMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
context.setAttribute("ipMap", ipMap);
// 限制IP存储器：存储被限制的IP信息
ConcurrentHashMap limitedIpMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();
context.setAttribute("limitedIpMap", limitedIpMap);
log.debug("ipmap："+ipMap.toString()+";limitedIpMap:"+limitedIpMap.toString()+"初始化成功。。。。。");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
} 3.iputil
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class IPUtil {
public static String getRemoteIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
if("127.0.0.1".equals(ip)||"0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip)){
//根据网卡取本机配置的IP
InetAddress inet=null;
try {
inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ip= inet.getHostAddress();
}
}
return ip;
}
}4配置
springboot启动类中添加过滤器和监听器的包扫描
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages="cn.xxx.common")
spring web.xml
过滤器
ipFilter com.xxxx.common.filter.IpFilter ipFilter /dyflight/**
监听器：
com.xxxx.common.Listener.MyApplicationListener
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