init进程在启动Zygote进程时一般都会调用ZygoteInit类的main方法，因此这里看一下该方法的具体实现(基于android23源码)；
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然后通过调用startSystemServer开启SystemServer服务，这个是重点
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
//设置ddms可以用
RuntimeInit.enableDdms();
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
}
}
if (abiList == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
}
registerZygoteSocket(socketName);
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
preload();
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();
gcAndFinalize();
Trace.setTracingEnabled(false);
if (startSystemServer) {
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);
}
Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
runSelectLoop(abiList);
closeServerSocket();
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}调用registerZygoteSocket（String socketName）为Zygote进程注册socket
private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) {
if (sServerSocket == null) {
int fileDesc;
final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName;
try {
String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex);
}
try {
FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
fd.setInt$(fileDesc);
sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex);
}
}
}static void preload() {
Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
preloadClasses();
preloadResources();
preloadOpenGL();
preloadSharedLibraries();
preloadTextResources();
// Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
// for memory sharing purposes.
WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
}这段逻辑的执行逻辑就是通过Zygote fork出SystemServer进程
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND,
OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_RESOURCE,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return true;
}
代码如下所示
接着设置虚拟机运行内存，加载运行库，设置SystemServer的异步消息
private void run() {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}
if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {
final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");
}
Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());
if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer = new Timer();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null);
}
}, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL);
}
// Mmmmmm... more memory!
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
// The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be
// as efficient as possible with its memory usage.
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
// Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure
// we've defined it before booting further.
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
// Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without
// explicitly specifying a user.
Environment.setUserRequired(true);
// Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority.
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
// Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
// Initialize native services.
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
// Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried.
// This call may not return.
performPendingShutdown();
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();
// Create the system service manager.
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}
// For debug builds, log event loop stalls to dropbox for analysis.
if (StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging()) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Enabled StrictMode for system server main thread.");
}
// Loop forever.
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}然后下面的代码是：
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();
// Create the system service manager.
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault_Light_DarkActionBar);
}LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}
首先看一下startBootstrapServices方法：
private void startBootstrapServices() {
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);
mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
// Manages LEDs and display backlight so we need it to bring up the display.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);
// Display manager is needed to provide display metrics before package manager
// starts up.
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
// We need the default display before we can initialize the package manager.
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
// Only run "core" apps if we're encrypting the device.
String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt");
if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
} else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
}
// Start the package manager.
Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();
Slog.i(TAG, "User Service");
ServiceManager.addService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManagerService.getInstance());
// Initialize attribute cache used to cache resources from packages.
AttributeCache.init(mSystemContext);
// Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.
mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
// The sensor service needs access to package manager service, app ops
// service, and permissions service, therefore we start it after them.
startSensorService();
}Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);mSystemServiceManager是系统服务管理对象，在main方法中已经创建完成，这里我们看一下其startService方法的具体实现：
可以看到通过反射器构造方法创建出服务类，然后添加到SystemServiceManager的服务列表数据中，最后调用了service.onStart()方法，因为传递的是Installer.class
public T startService(Class serviceClass) {
final String name = serviceClass.getName();
Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + name);
// Create the service.
if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name
+ ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName());
}
final T service;
try {
Constructor constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service could not be instantiated", ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service constructor threw an exception", ex);
}
// Register it.
mServices.add(service);
// Start it.
try {
service.onStart();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + name
+ ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
}
return service;
} @Override
public void onStart() {
Slog.i(TAG, "Waiting for installd to be ready.");
mInstaller.waitForConnection();
}public void waitForConnection() {
for (;;) {
if (execute("ping") >= 0) {
return;
}
Slog.w(TAG, "installd not ready");
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}// Activity manager runs the show.
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);首先看一下Lifecycle类的定义：
可以看到其实ActivityManagerService的一个静态内部类，在其构造方法中会创建一个ActivityManagerService，通过刚刚对Installer服务的分析我们知道，SystemServiceManager的startService方法会调用服务的onStart()方法，而在Lifecycle类的定义中我们看到其onStart（）方法直接调用了mService.start()方法，mService是Lifecycle类中对ActivityManagerService的引用
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
private final ActivityManagerService mService;
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
mService = new ActivityManagerService(context);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
mService.start();
}
public ActivityManagerService getService() {
return mService;
}
}mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
factoryTest, onlyCore);
ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
return m;
}然后查看startCoreServices方法：
可以看到这里启动了BatteryService（电池相关服务），UsageStatsService，WebViewUpdateService服务等。
private void startCoreServices() {
// Tracks the battery level. Requires LightService.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
// Tracks application usage stats.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);
mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(
LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));
// Update after UsageStatsService is available, needed before performBootDexOpt.
mPackageManagerService.getUsageStatsIfNoPackageUsageInfo();
// Tracks whether the updatable WebView is in a ready state and watches for update installs.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
}