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本章主要是搜集了一些安装rac的过程中出现的问题及解决办法，如果没有出现问题的话那么这一章可以不看的
目录结构：
新安装了Oracle 11g rac之后，不知道是什么原因导致第二个节点上的crsd无法启动？其错误消息是CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services。其具体的错误信息还需要查看crsd.log日志才知道。
1、环境
[root@linux2 ~]# cat /etc/issue
Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is[11.2.0.1.0]
#注意下文中描述中使用了grid与root用户操作不同的对象。
2、错误症状
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services isonline
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services #CRS-4535
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services isonline
CRS-4533: Event Manager isonline
[root@linux2 bin]# ps -ef | grep d.bin #下面的查询中没有crsd.bin
root 3886 1 1 09:50 ? 00:00:11 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ohasd.bin reboot
grid 3938 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:04 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/oraagent.bin
grid 4009 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/gipcd.bin
grid 4014 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/mDNSd.bin
grid 4028 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:02 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/gpnpd.bin
root 4040 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:03 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/cssdmonitor
root 4058 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:04 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/cssdagent
root 4060 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 4090 1 2 09:51 ? 00:00:15 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocssd.bin
grid 4094 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:02 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/diskmon.bin -d -f
root 4928 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/octssd.bin reboot
grid 4945 1 0 09:51 ? 00:00:02 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/evmd.bin
root 6514 5886 0 10:00 pts/1 00:00:00 grep d.bin
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 Cluster Reconfigura
tion
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE #crsd处于offline状态
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE OFFLINE #acfs处于offline状态
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
#下面查看crsd对应的日志文件
[grid@linux2 ~]$ view $ORACLE_HOME/log/linux2/crsd/crsd.log
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [GIPCXCPT][1768145488] gipcShutdownF: skipping shutdown, count 1, from[ clsgpnp0.c : 1021],
ret gipcretSuccess (0)
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRASM][1768145488]proprasmo: Error inopen/create file indg [OCR_VOTE] #打开磁盘组错误
[ OCRASM][1768145488]SLOS : SLOS: cat=7, opn=kgfoAl06, dep=15077, loc=kgfokge
ORA-15077: could notlocate ASM instance serving a required diskgroup #出现了ORA错误
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRASM][1768145488]proprasmo: kgfoCheckMount returned [7]
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRASM][1768145488]proprasmo: The ASM instance isdown #实例处于关闭状态
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRRAW][1768145488]proprioo: Failed to open [+OCR_VOTE]. Returned proprasmo() with [26].
Marking location as UNAVAILABLE.
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRRAW][1768145488]proprioo: No OCR/OLR devices are usable #OCR/OLR设备不可用
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRASM][1768145488]proprasmcl: asmhandle isNULL
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRRAW][1768145488]proprinit: Could notopen raw device
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRASM][1768145488]proprasmcl: asmhandle isNULL
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ OCRAPI][1768145488]a_init:16!: Backend init unsuccessful : [26]
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ CRSOCR][1768145488] OCR context init failure. Error: PROC-26: Error whileaccessing the
physical storage ASM error [SLOS: cat=7, opn=kgfoAl06, dep=15077, loc=kgfokge
ORA-15077: could notlocate ASM instance serving a required diskgroup
] [7]
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ CRSD][1768145488][PANIC] CRSD exiting: Could notinit OCR, code: 26
2013-01-05 10:28:27.107: [ CRSD][1768145488] Done.
[root@linux2 bin]# ps -ef | grep pmon #查看pmon进程，此处也表明ASM实例没有启动
root 7447 7184 0 10:48 pts/2 00:00:00 grep pmon
#从上面的分析可知，应该是ASM实例没有启动的原因导致了crsd进程无法启动
3、解决
[grid@linux2 ~]$ asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD> startup #启动asm实例
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2212656 bytes
Variable Size 256552144 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASMCMD> exit
#Author : Robinson
#Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
#再次查看集群资源的状态
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 Started
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE linux2
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
#启动acfs
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl start res ora.drivers.acfs -init
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'linux2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'linux2' succeeded
#之后所有的状态都处于online状态
[root@linux2 bin]# ./crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 Started
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2 OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE linux2
CRS-4124: Oracle High Availability Services startup failed.
CRS-4000: Command Start failed, or completed with errors.
ohasd failed to start: Inappropriate ioctl for device
ohasd failed to start at/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl line 443.
第一次安装11gR2 RAC的时候就遇到了这个11.0.2.1的经典问题，上网一查才知道这是个bug，解决办法也很简单，
就是在执行root.sh之前执行以下命令
/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
如果出现
/bin/dd: opening`/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd': No such file or directory
的时候文件还没生成就继续执行，直到能执行为止，一般出现Adding daemon to inittab这条信息的时候执行dd命令。
另外还有一种解决方法就是更改文件权限
chown root:oinstall /var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd
重新执行root.sh之前别忘了删除配置：/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force-verbose
其中一个必要条件是网卡要一致，一致性表现在这几个方面
1.网卡名要一模一样，比如都叫eth0, eth2，不能出现一台节点eth0,eth2,另一台eth3, eth4
我在安装的时候就出现这种错误，造成的现象就是第一台节点能正常安装，但是第二台执行root.sh的时候总是报错Failed to Start CSSD。
2.不仅名字要一样，而且对应的public, private也要一致，也就是说不能一台
eth0: 192.168.1.2
eth2: 10.10.1.2
另一台
eth0: 10.10.1.3
eth2: 192.168.1.3
3.不仅地址要对应，还要求子网掩码要一致，也就是同一个public,private网络不能一台子网掩码
255.255.0.0
另一台的子网掩码是255.255.255.0
采用虚拟机克隆的话，网卡名不一致是最常见的。
Redhat Enterprise Linux 6下网卡名的修改方法：(比如eth6需要改成eth0)
1.修改配置文件 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules，把其中的网卡名改成新的网卡名
2.配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth6也需要改成ifcfg-eth0
3./etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart重新启动
Oracle RAC的安装真是麻烦。一旦设置不对，后面就会出现各种错误。
补充：建议用同型号的网卡，不一样行不行没有试过但是根据资料，至少网卡的MTU（最大传输单元）必须要一致，否则也会导致错误。
现象：
在Redhat Linux 6上安装Oracle RAC的过程中，到65%的时候就没有任何反应。
原因：
因为防火墙开着
解决方法
chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop
[root@his2 bin]# ./crsctl check crs 检查服务状态CRS-4047: No Oracle Clusterware components configured.CRS-4000: Command Check failed, or completed with errors.[root@his2 bin]# ./crsctl stat res -tCRS-4047: No Oracle Clusterware components configured.CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.[root@his2 bin]# ./crs_stat -tCRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.
/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig -force 重置crs注册表Using configuration parameter file: /app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_paramsNetwork exists: 1/192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, type staticVIP exists: /his1-vip/192.168.20.6/192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, hosting node his1VIP exists: /his2-vip/192.168.20.7/192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, hosting node his2GSD existsONS exists: Local port 6100, remote port 6200, EM port 2016ACFS-9200: SupportedCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'his2'CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ORACRS.dg' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crds3db.db' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ORACRS.dg' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crds3db.db' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ORAARCH.dg' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ORADATA.dg' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ORAARCH.dg' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ORADATA.dg' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'his2' has completedCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.diskmon' on 'his2'CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.diskmon' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'his2'CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'his2' succeededCRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'his2' has completedCRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.Successfully deconfigured Oracle clusterware stack on this node[root@his1 ~]# su - grid[grid@his1 ~]$ crs_stat -t 在节点1上面只能看到节点1的服务这说明节点2有问题了Name Type Target State Host ------------------------------------------------------------ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORAARCH.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORACRS.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORADATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.crds3db.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora....S1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.his1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.his1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.his1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE his1
[grid@his1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t 在1节点上面只能看到1资源说明节点2有问题了--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORAARCH.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORACRS.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ORADATA.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE his1 Started ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE his1 ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.ons ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE his1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.crds3db.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 Open 2 ONLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.his1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1
[root@his2 bin]# /app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh 执行roo.sh重新配置集群所有服务Running Oracle 11g root script...
The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME= /app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Using configuration parameter file: /app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_paramsLOCAL ADD MODE Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..Operation successful.OLR initialization - successfulAdding daemon to inittabACFS-9200: SupportedACFS-9300: ADVM/ACFS distribution files found.ACFS-9307: Installing requested ADVM/ACFS software.ACFS-9308: Loading installed ADVM/ACFS drivers.ACFS-9321: Creating udev for ADVM/ACFS.ACFS-9323: Creating module dependencies - this may take some time.ACFS-9327: Verifying ADVM/ACFS devices.ACFS-9309: ADVM/ACFS installation correctness verified.CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node his1, number 1, and is terminatingAn active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the clusterPreparing packages for installation...cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
[root@his2 bin]# ./crsctl stat res -t 看结果已经恢复正常--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.ORAARCH.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.ORACRS.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.ORADATA.dg ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE his1 Started ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE his1 OFFLINE OFFLINE his2 ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.ons ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE his1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.crds3db.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 Open 2 ONLINE ONLINE his2 Open ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.his1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.his2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE his2 ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE his1 --------------------------------------------
1. When I run the script at the second node, the error info as below:
[root@rac2 ~]# /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
OLR initialization - successful
Adding daemon to inittab
ACFS-9200: Supported
ACFS-9300: ADVM/ACFS distribution files found.
ACFS-9307: Installing requested ADVM/ACFS software.
ACFS-9308: Loading installed ADVM/ACFS drivers.
ACFS-9321: Creating udev for ADVM/ACFS.
ACFS-9323: Creating module dependencies - this may take some time.
ACFS-9327: Verifying ADVM/ACFS devices.
ACFS-9309: ADVM/ACFS installation correctness verified.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
Disk Group CRS creation failed with the following message:
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3' matches no disks
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3"
ORA-15056: additional error message
Configuration of ASM ... failed
see asmca logs at /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/asmca for details
Did not succssfully configure and start ASM at/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_lib.pm line 6464.
/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/perl/bin/perl -I/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/perl/lib -I/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/rootcrs.pl execution failed
[grid@rac2 ~]$ vi oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/asmca/asmca-110428PM061902.log
……………….
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.135 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:142] Diskstring in createDG to be updated: '/dev/oracleasm/disks/*'
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.136 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:142] update param sql ALTER SYSTEM SET asm_diskstring='/dev/oracleasm/disks/*' SID='*'
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.262 CST ] [InitParamAttributes.loadDBParams:4450] Checking if SPFILE is used
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.276 CST ] [InitParamAttributes.loadDBParams:4461] spParams = [Ljava.lang.String;@1a001ff
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.277 CST ] [ASMParameters.loadASMParameters:459] useSPFile=false
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.277 CST ] [SQLEngine.doSQLSubstitution:2392] The substituted sql statement:=select count(*) from v$ASM_DISKGROUP where name=upper('CRS')
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.423 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:142] CREATE DISKGROUP SQL: CREATE DISKGROUP CRS EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK '/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS1',
'/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS2',
'/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0'
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.724 CST ] [SQLEngine.done:2167] Done called
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.731 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:172] SEVERE:method oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMDiskGroupManager:createDiskGroups
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.731 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:173] ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3' matches no disks
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3"
ORA-15056: additional error message
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.731 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:174] oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLFatalErrorException: ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3' matches no disks
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS3"
ORA-15056: additional error message
oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLEngine.executeImpl(SQLEngine.java:1655)
oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLEngine.executeSql(SQLEngine.java:1903)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMDiskGroupManager.createDiskGroups(USMDiskGroupManager.java:236)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMDiskGroupManager.createDiskGroups(USMDiskGroupManager.java:121)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMDiskGroupManager.createDiskGroupsLocal(USMDiskGroupManager.java:2209)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMInstance.configureLocalASM(USMInstance.java:3093)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.service.UsmcaService.configureLocalASM(UsmcaService.java:1047)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel.performConfigureLocalASM(UsmcaModel.java:903)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel.performOperation(UsmcaModel.java:779)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.Usmca.execute(Usmca.java:171)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.Usmca.main(Usmca.java:366)
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.732 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:123] Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMDiskGroupManager Method : createDiskGroups
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.732 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:142] Diskgroups created
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.733 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:142] Diskgroup creation is not successful.
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.733 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:123] Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel Method : performConfigureLocalASM
[main] [ 2011-04-28 18:19:38.733 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:123] Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel Method : performOperation
Solution:
Add permission to the /dev/oraclease for user grid:
[root@rac2 ~]# chown -R grid.oinstall /dev/oracleasm
[root@rac2 ~]# chmod -R 775 /dev/oracleasm
2. The ora.asm cannot run at rac2
[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl status resource -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[root@rac2 ~]# /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -verbose -deconfig -force -lastnode
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Network exists: 1/10.157.45.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, type static
VIP exists: /rac1vip/10.157.45.174/10.157.45.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, hosting node rac1
VIP exists: /rac2vip/10.157.45.157/10.157.45.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, hosting node rac2
GSD exists
ONS exists: Local port 6100, remote port 6200, EM port 2016
ACFS-9200: Supported
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node rac1, number 1, and is terminating
Unable to communicate with the Cluster Synchronization Services daemon.
CRS-4000: Command Delete failed, or completed with errors.
crsctl delete for vds in CRS ... failed
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
Successfully deconfigured Oracle clusterware stack on this node
[root@rac2 ~]# /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
OLR initialization - successful
Adding daemon to inittab
ACFS-9200: Supported
ACFS-9300: ADVM/ACFS distribution files found.
ACFS-9307: Installing requested ADVM/ACFS software.
ACFS-9308: Loading installed ADVM/ACFS drivers.
ACFS-9321: Creating udev for ADVM/ACFS.
ACFS-9323: Creating module dependencies - this may take some time.
ACFS-9327: Verifying ADVM/ACFS devices.
ACFS-9309: ADVM/ACFS installation correctness verified.
CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node rac1, number 1, and is terminating
An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster
Preparing packages for installation...
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
3. The service ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr cannot online
NAME=ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr
TYPE=application
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=OFFLINE
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_start ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr
CRS-2805: Unable to start 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' because it has a 'hard' dependency on resource type 'ora.cluster_vip_net1.type' and no resource of that type can satisfy the dependency
CRS-2525: All instances of the resource 'ora.rac2.vip' are already running; relocate is not allowed because the force option was not specified
CRS-0222: Resource 'ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr' has dependency error.
4. [INS-20802] Oracle Cluster Verification Utility failed.
Cause?燭he plug-in failed in its perform method Action?燫efer to the logs or contact Oracle Support Services. Log File Location
/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2011-04-28_05-32-48PM.log
tail -n 6000 /oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2011-04-28_05-32-48PM.log
INFO: Checking VIP reachability
INFO: Check for VIP reachability passed.
INFO: Post-check for cluster services setup was unsuccessful.
INFO: Checks did not pass for the following node(s):
INFO: rac-cluster,rac1
INFO:
WARNING:
INFO: Completed Plugin named: Oracle Cluster Verification Utility
在
这里我们就给出配置UDEV的具体步骤，还是比较简单的:
1.确认在所有RAC节点上已经安装了必要的UDEV包
[root@rh3 ~]# rpm -qa|grep udev udev-095-14.21.el5
2.通过scsi_id获取设备的块设备的唯一标识名，假设系统上已有LUN sdc-sdp
fori inc d e f g h i j k l m n o p ;
do
echo"sd$i""`scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sd$i` ";
done
sdc 1IET_00010001
sdd 1IET_00010002
sde 1IET_00010003
sdf 1IET_00010004
sdg 1IET_00010005
sdh 1IET_00010006
sdi 1IET_00010007
sdj 1IET_00010008
sdk 1IET_00010009
sdl 1IET_0001000a
sdm 1IET_0001000b
sdn 1IET_0001000c
sdo 1IET_0001000d
sdp 1IET_0001000e
以上列出于块设备名对应的唯一标识名
3.创建必要的UDEV配置文件，
首先切换到配置文件目录
[root@rh3 ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d
定义必要的规则配置文件
[root@rh3 rules.d]# touch 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
[root@rh3 rules.d]# cat 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010001", NAME="ocr1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010002", NAME="ocr2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010003", NAME="asm-disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010004", NAME="asm-disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010005", NAME="asm-disk3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010006", NAME="asm-disk4", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010007", NAME="asm-disk5", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010008", NAME="asm-disk6", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010009", NAME="asm-disk7", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_0001000a", NAME="asm-disk8", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_0001000b", NAME="asm-disk9", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_0001000c", NAME="asm-disk10", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_0001000d", NAME="asm-disk11", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_0001000e", NAME="asm-disk12", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
Result为/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p的输出--Match the returned string of the last PROGRAM call. This key may be used inany following rule after a PROGRAM call.
按顺序填入刚才获取的唯一标识名即可
OWNER为安装Grid Infrastructure的用户，在11gr2中一般为grid，GROUP为asmadmin，MODE采用0660即可
NAME为UDEV映射后的设备名，
建议为OCR和VOTE DISK创建独立的DISKGROUP，为了容易区分将该DISKGROUP专用的设备命名为ocr1..ocrn的形式
其余磁盘可以根据其实际用途或磁盘组名来命名
4.将该规则文件拷贝到其他节点上
[root@rh3 rules.d]# scp 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules Other_node:/etc/udev/rules.d
5.在所有节点上启动udev服务，或者重启服务器即可
[root@rh3 rules.d]# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@rh3 rules.d]# /sbin/start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ]
6.检查设备是否到位
[root@rh3 rules.d]# cd /dev [root@rh3 dev]# ls -l ocr* brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Jul 10 17:31 ocr1 brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Jul 10 17:31 ocr2
[root@rh3 dev]# ls -l asm-disk*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 208 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk10
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 224 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk11
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 240 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk12
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 112 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 128 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 144 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk6
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 160 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk7
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 176 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk8
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 192 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk9
自"手把手教你用VMware在linux下安装oracle10g RAC"一文发布以来，俺个人的虚荣心再一次得到了极大满足，因为持续不断的有朋友对俺持续不断地表达感谢(就是没几个表示请俺吃饭的，5555，这帮口惠心不实的家伙`~~)，说俺这篇文档写的好是写的妙，不光步骤清晰又明了，还有图片做参照。
不过，这其中也有不少朋友与我联系，说是安装过程中遇到问题，其中大多数 问题 均是 出在 节点2执行oracleasm listdisks时检测不到共享的磁盘。
对于vmware下配置RAC数据库，出现这一问题的原因通常有两个方面，下面分别描述 。
１、VMWARE中添加磁盘共享参数
使用VMWARE 配置RAC数据库，一定要选择server的VMWARE(VMWARE分为server和workstation两种类型)，这一点三思在文档中专门强调了，有些朋友可能仍未注意 ；再一个就是 各个 vmware 节点的*.vmx配置文件中，添加相关的磁盘共享参数， 否则也有可能导致 无法正常识别共享的磁盘。
下面举一下三思配置环境时，vmx文件中关于磁盘共享参数的示例，如下：
disk.locking = "false"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
scsi1.sharedBus = "virtual"
２、共享磁盘不共享
第2个原因就更加BT了，不过这种问题导致磁盘无法共享的例子也不鲜见，出现这种问题 主要是对于 Oracle RAC 架构的理解不深入导致的。
在阐述主题之前，俺首先想明确一个相关概念：究竟何为共享存储。所谓 共享存储，顾名思义，也就是 磁盘空间应由相关的节点共享访问，更直白的讲就是节点访问的是同一个(或几个)磁盘， 对于虚机 环境 的话，就是访问相同的磁盘文件。
ORACLE 数据库是由实例+数据库组成，实例是由一组操作系统进程+操作系统的一块内存区域组成；数据库则是一堆各种类型的特性文件的合集(比如数据文件、临时文件，重做日志文件、控制文件等)，RAC环境的ORACLE数据库，实际上是多个实例(每个实例分别运行在不同的节点上----一般情况下，你要让它运行于同一个节点应该也是可行的)访问和读写一份数据库。数据库是放在哪呢，就是放在共享存储上，也就是说RAC的几个实例 访问的文件应该在 相 同的磁盘上 。
Ok，回到主题，有些朋友在创建第二个节点，为该节点添加用于voting disk,ocr以asm用的磁盘时，并不是选择第一个节点中创建的文件 (Use an existing virtual disk) ，而是又重新创建了 新的磁盘文件(Create a new virtual disk)， 这种情况完全没有共享的概念，自然也就不可能实现磁盘的共享存储了。
在安装GI，第一个节点的root.sh一般不易出错，但是第二个节点就遇到了下面的错误Start of resource"ora.asm -init"failedFailed to start ASMFailed to start Oracle Clusterware stack
检查错误日志grid@znode2 crsconfig]$ pwd/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/crsconfig[grid@znode2 crsconfig]$ vi + rootcrs_znode2.log
…2012-06-28 17:53:50: Starting CSS in clustered mode2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.cssdmonitor'on'znode2′2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2676: Start of'ora.cssdmonitor'on'znode2′succeeded2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.cssd'on'znode2′2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.diskmon'on'znode2′2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2676: Start of'ora.diskmon'on'znode2′succeeded2012-06-28 17:54:42: CRS-2676: Start of'ora.cssd'on'znode2′succeeded—注意这里等待了10分钟2012-06-28 18:04:47: Start of resource"ora.ctssd -init -env USR_ORA_ENV=CTSS_REBOOT=TRUE"Succeeded2012-06-28 18:04:47: Command return code of 1 (256) from command: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start resource ora.asm -init2012-06-28 18:04:47: Start of resource"ora.asm -init"failed2012-06-28 18:04:47: Failed to start ASM2012-06-28 18:04:47: Failed to start Oracle Clusterware stack…
/log/znode2/alert/znodename.log
CRS-5818:Aborted command'start for resource: ora.ctssd 1 1′for resource'ora.ctssd'. Details at..
有多种原因可能出现这个问题1， 是public,private网卡配置不正确2，是firewall未关闭3，hostname出现在/etc/hosts的127.0.0.1行