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以下为本人在实际开发过程中封装的HttpClient工具类，HttpClient 4 较之 HttpClient 3 的变动较大，尤其是在SSL方面，包结构已经改得面目全非, 不过使用HttpClient 4 的SSL 及数字证书的双向认证方面更为清晰及简单了。[@more@]
/*
* @{#} HttpclientUtil.java
*
* Pingzonglangji.com Inc.
*
* Copyright (c) 2008-2009 All Rights Reserved.
*/
package com.pingzonglangji.common.net;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpException;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreProtocolPNames;
import org.apache.http.protocol.ExecutionContext;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import com.pingzonglangji.common.lang.StringUtil;
/**
* Apache Httpclient 4.0 工具包装类
*
* @author shezy
*/
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class HttpclientUtil {
private static final String CHARSET_UTF8 = "UTF-8";
private static final String CHARSET_GBK = "GBK";
private static final String SSL_DEFAULT_SCHEME = "https";
private static final int SSL_DEFAULT_PORT = 443;
// 异常自动恢复处理, 使用HttpRequestRetryHandler接口实现请求的异常恢复
private static HttpRequestRetryHandler requestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
// 自定义的恢复策略
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
// 设置恢复策略，在发生异常时候将自动重试3次
if (executionCount >= 3) {
// Do not retry if over max retry count
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {
// Retry if the server dropped connection on us
return true;
}
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
// Do not retry on SSL handshake exception
return false;
}
HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) context.getAttribute(ExecutionContext.HTTP_REQUEST);
boolean idempotent = (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest);
if (!idempotent) {
// Retry if the request is considered idempotent
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
// 使用ResponseHandler接口处理响应，HttpClient使用ResponseHandler会自动管理连接的释放，解决了对连接的释放管理
private static ResponseHandler
// 自定义响应处理
public String handleResponse(HttpResponse response)throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
String charset = EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity) == null ? CHARSET_GBK : EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity);
return new String(EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity), charset);
} else {
return null;
}
}
};
/**
* Get方式提交,URL中包含查询参数, 格式：http://www.g.cn?search=p&name=s.....
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @return 响应消息
*/
public static String get(String url) {
return get(url, null, null);
}
/**
* Get方式提交,URL中不包含查询参数, 格式：http://www.g.cn
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @param params
* 查询参数集, 键/值对
* @return 响应消息
*/
public static String get(String url, Map
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* Get方式提交,URL中不包含查询参数, 格式：http://www.g.cn
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @param params
* 查询参数集, 键/值对
* @param charset
* 参数提交编码集
* @return 响应消息
*/
public static String get(String url, Map
if (url == null || StringUtil.isEmpty(url)) {
return null;
}
List
if (qparams != null && qparams.size() > 0) {
charset = (charset == null ? CHARSET_GBK : charset);
String formatParams = URLEncodedUtils.format(qparams, charset);
url = (url.indexOf("?")) < 0 ? (url + "?" + formatParams) : (url
.substring(0, url.indexOf("?") + 1) + formatParams);
}
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(charset);
HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(url);
// 发送请求，得到响应
String responseStr = null;
try {
responseStr = httpclient.execute(hg, responseHandler);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("客户端连接协议错误", e);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("IO操作异常", e);
} finally {
abortConnection(hg, httpclient);
}
return responseStr;
}
/**
* Post方式提交,URL中不包含提交参数, 格式：http://www.g.cn
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @param params
* 提交参数集, 键/值对
* @return 响应消息
*/
public static String post(String url, Map
return post(url, params, null);
}
/**
* Post方式提交,URL中不包含提交参数, 格式：http://www.g.cn
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @param params
* 提交参数集, 键/值对
* @param charset
* 参数提交编码集
* @return 响应消息
*/
public static String post(String url, Map
if (url == null || StringUtil.isEmpty(url)) {
return null;
}
// 创建HttpClient实例
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(charset);
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = null;
try {
if (charset == null || StringUtil.isEmpty(charset)) {
formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(getParamsList(params));
} else {
formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(getParamsList(params), charset);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("不支持的编码集", e);
}
HttpPost hp = new HttpPost(url);
hp.setEntity(formEntity);
// 发送请求，得到响应
String responseStr = null;
try {
responseStr = httpclient.execute(hp, responseHandler);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("客户端连接协议错误", e);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("IO操作异常", e);
} finally {
abortConnection(hp, httpclient);
}
return responseStr;
}
/**
* Post方式提交,忽略URL中包含的参数,解决SSL双向数字证书认证
*
* @param url
* 提交地址
* @param params
* 提交参数集, 键/值对
* @param charset
* 参数编码集
* @param keystoreUrl
* 密钥存储库路径
* @param keystorePassword
* 密钥存储库访问密码
* @param truststoreUrl
* 信任存储库绝路径
* @param truststorePassword
* 信任存储库访问密码, 可为null
* @return 响应消息
* @throws NetServiceException
*/
public static String post(String url, Map
final String keystorePassword, final URL truststoreUrl,final String truststorePassword) {
if (url == null || StringUtil.isEmpty(url)) {
return null;
}
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(charset);
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = null;
try {
if (charset == null || StringUtil.isEmpty(charset)) {
formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(getParamsList(params));
} else {
formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(getParamsList(params), charset);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("不支持的编码集", e);
}
HttpPost hp = null;
String responseStr = null;
try {
KeyStore keyStore = createKeyStore(keystoreUrl, keystorePassword);
KeyStore trustStore = createKeyStore(truststoreUrl, keystorePassword);
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore,keystorePassword, trustStore);
Scheme scheme = new Scheme(SSL_DEFAULT_SCHEME, socketFactory, SSL_DEFAULT_PORT);
httpclient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(scheme);
hp = new HttpPost(url);
hp.setEntity(formEntity);
responseStr = httpclient.execute(hp, responseHandler);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("指定的加密算法不可用", e);
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("keytore解析异常", e);
} catch (CertificateException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("信任证书过期或解析异常", e);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("keystore文件不存在", e);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("I/O操作失败或中断 ", e);
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("keystore中的密钥无法恢复异常", e);
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
throw new NetServiceException("处理密钥管理的操作异常", e);
} finally {
abortConnection(hp, httpclient);
}
return responseStr;
}
/**
* 获取DefaultHttpClient实例
*
* @param charset
* 参数编码集, 可空
* @return DefaultHttpClient 对象
*/
private static DefaultHttpClient getDefaultHttpClient(final String charset){
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
//模拟浏览器，解决一些服务器程序只允许浏览器访问的问题
httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)");
httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.USE_EXPECT_CONTINUE, Boolean.FALSE);
httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, charset == null ? CHARSET_GBK : charset);
httpclient.setHttpRequestRetryHandler(requestRetryHandler);
return httpclient;
}
/**
* 释放HttpClient连接
*
* @param hrb
* 请求对象
* @param httpclient
* client对象
*/
private static void abortConnection(final HttpRequestBase hrb, final HttpClient httpclient){
if (hrb != null) {
hrb.abort();
}
if (httpclient != null) {
httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 从给定的路径中加载此 KeyStore
*
* @param url
* keystore URL路径
* @param password
* keystore访问密钥
* @return keystore 对象
*/
private static KeyStore createKeyStore(final URL url, final String password)
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,CertificateException, IOException {
if (url == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore url may not be null");
}
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
InputStream is = null;
try {
is = url.openStream();
keystore.load(is, password != null ? password.toCharArray() : null);
} finally {
if (is != null){
is.close();
is = null;
}
}
return keystore;
}
/**
* 将传入的键/值对参数转换为NameValuePair参数集
*
* @param paramsMap
* 参数集, 键/值对
* @return NameValuePair参数集
*/
private static List
if (paramsMap == null || paramsMap.size() == 0) {
return null;
}
List
for (Map.Entry
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(map.getKey(), map.getValue()));
}
return params;
}
}
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