控制文件是一个2进制文件，不可以直接通过文本编辑器进行编写，由Oracle自己进行维护,可以通过以下命令查看其内容。
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show parameter control_files;
desc v$controlfile;
$
sqlplus
'/as
sysdba'
#我是用的spfile启动的，spfile文件不能修改，所以要做这一步。
SQL
create
pfile
from
spfile
#关闭数据库。
SQL
shutdown
immediate
#cp控制文件到目标位置。
SQLcp
/opt/oracle/oradata/control*
/opt/oracle/oratest/
修改$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora
文件中的控制文件的位置。
#启动数据库指定参数文件。
SQL
startup
pfile='/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0.4/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora'
#下次启动数据库是直接就可以用startup启动了。
SQL
create
spfile
from
pfile;
环境:
OS:Red Hat Linux As 5
DB:10.2.0.4
在全部控制文件丢失或损坏，而且没有备份的情况下,可以使用重建控制文件的办法打开数据库.以下模拟所有的控制文件丢失的情况下重建控制文件.
1.备份控制文件(数据库mount或是open状态)
SQL select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQLalter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/ftp/bak_controlfile';
2.删除控制文件
[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control01.ctl
rm: remove regular file `control01.ctl'? y
[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control02.ctl
rm: remove regular file `control02.ctl'? y
[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control03.ctl
rm: remove regular file `control03.ctl'? y
3.关闭数据库后尝试打开数据库
SQL shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 734003200 bytes
Fixed Size 1221564 bytes
Variable Size 218106948 bytes
Database Buffers 511705088 bytes
Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
这个时候数据无法打开,以为我们已经删除了控制文件.
4.查看备份控制文件的内容
[oracle@hxl ftp]$ more bak_controlfile
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="oracl"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
5.从备份控制文件中提取我们需要的部分,这里我们选择RESETLOGS,将如下内容保存文件为
create_confile.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
6.执行create_confile.sql
SQLset sqlblanklines on -- 因为文件中有空行,需要将该选项打开,否则执行的时候报语法错误
SQL@/u01/ftp/create_confile.sql
SQL alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
说明:
重建控制文件后,若备份信息是存储在控制文件的,该信息会丢失.
1 方法1
[Oracle@rhfour test]$ strings control01.ctl
2 方法2
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/oradata/ctl.txt';
利用下面的内容可以重建控制文件
3 查视图v$controlfile_record_section
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
4 方法4（转储控制文件）
SQL alter system set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 10';
System altered.
到udump目录中找到最新trace文件, 文件中可以到scn信息, 时间戳等信息.
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