基本方法是使用CreateFile来建立一个串口文件，然后用overlap的方式进行读写
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#define SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX (1024*8)
typedef HRESULT (*PFN_CMD_PARSE_DATA)(HANDLE hParseApp, LPCSTR szRspCmd, int nCmdLen);
class CUsbSrvApp// : public CWinApp
{
public:
CUsbSrvApp();
~CUsbSrvApp();
BOOL OnSendData(const char *szBuf, int nLen);// 发送数据
int ComConnect(CString strPort); // 连接COM口
HANDLE OpenComPort(CString strPort, int nBaudRate, int nDataBits, int nStopBits, int nParity, int nFlowCtrlType); // 打开串口
void Close(); // 关闭串口
HANDLE m_hCom;
BOOL m_bConnected;
OVERLAPPED m_OverlappedRead;
OVERLAPPED m_OverlappedWrite;
CWinThread *m_pThread;
PFN_CMD_PARSE_DATA m_pRspCmdFunc; // 用来处理接受数据的CALLBACK
HANDLE m_hParseApp;
};
CUsbSrvApp::CUsbSrvApp()
{
// TODO: add construction code here,
// Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
m_bConnected = false;
m_hCom = NULL;
m_pRspCmdFunc = NULL;
}
CUsbSrvApp::~CUsbSrvApp()
{
}
//打开串口通信，并返回串口句柄
HANDLE CUsbSrvApp::OpenComPort(CString strPortName,
int nBaudRate,
int nDataBits,
int nStopBits,
int nParity,
int nFlowCtrlType)
{
DCB dcb;
COMMTIMEOUTS CommTimeOuts ;
COMMCONFIG ComConfig;
HANDLE hComPort;
CString strPort;
strPort.Format("\\\\.\\%s",strPortName); // COM口的文件名应该是 \\.\COMXX
//打开窗口其实就是创建一个文件
hComPort = CreateFile(strPort,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hComPort)
return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
// 设置一些COM口通讯参数和OVERLAP
CommTimeOuts.ReadIntervalTimeout = -1;
CommTimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
CommTimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
CommTimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
CommTimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0x1388;
SetCommTimeouts( m_hCom, CommTimeOuts ) ;
SetDefaultCommConfig(strPortName, ComConfig, sizeof(COMMCONFIG));
GetCommState(m_hCom, dcb ) ;
dcb.BaudRate = nBaudRate;
dcb.ByteSize = nDataBits;
dcb.StopBits = nStopBits;
dcb.fParity = (NOPARITY != nParity);
dcb.Parity = nParity;
//set the receive char
dcb.EvtChar = 0x0D;
switch(nFlowCtrlType)
{
case 0: //no flow control
break;
case 1://HARD_FLOW_CTRL:
dcb.fOutxCtsFlow = TRUE;
dcb.fOutxDsrFlow = TRUE;
dcb.fDtrControl = DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE;
dcb.fDsrSensitivity = TRUE;
dcb.fRtsControl = RTS_CONTROL_TOGGLE;
break;
case 2://SOFT_FLOW_CTRL:
dcb.fOutX = TRUE;
dcb.fInX = TRUE;
break;
}
BuildCommDCB(_T("baud=115200 parity=N data=8 stop=1"),dcb);
SetCommState(hComPort, dcb ) ;
SetCommMask(hComPort, 0);
SetCommMask(hComPort, EV_RXCHAR|EV_CTS|EV_DSR|EV_RLSD|EV_RING);
SetupComm( hComPort, SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX,SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX) ;
//clear read and write buffer
PurgeComm( hComPort, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR | PURGE_RXCLEAR );
return hComPort;
}
void CUsbSrvApp::Close()
{
if(m_bConnected)
{
m_bConnected = false;
CloseHandle(m_hCom);
m_hCom = NULL;
}
}
// 这个线程是监视串口数据，一旦有数据则读取并调用CALLBACK通知客户端
UINT ReceiveComData(LPVOID pParam)
{
CUsbSrvApp *pUsbSrv = (CUsbSrvApp *)pParam;
HANDLE hComPort = pUsbSrv-m_hCom;
DWORD dwEvtMask=0;
DWORD dwErrorFlags;
SetCommMask( hComPort, EV_RXCHAR);
OVERLAPPED osRead;
osRead.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL,FALSE,FALSE,NULL);
DWORD dwTransfer = 0;
while(pUsbSrv-m_bConnected)
{
if( !WaitCommEvent( hComPort, dwEvtMask,osRead))
{
if( GetLastError()== ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
WaitForSingleObject(osRead.hEvent, INFINITE);
if(dwEvtMaskEV_RXCHAR==EV_RXCHAR)
{
COMSTAT ComStat={0} ;
DWORD dwReadLen = 0;
DWORD dwBytesRead = 0;
DWORD dwTotalLen = 0;
ClearCommError(hComPort, dwErrorFlags, ComStat );
dwTotalLen = ComStat.cbInQue;
dwReadLen = (SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX dwTotalLen)?dwTotalLen:SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX;
BYTE *pBuf = new BYTE[dwTotalLen+1];
memset(pBuf, 0 , dwTotalLen+1);
DWORD nReadBufLen=0;
while(dwTotalLen0)
{
if(FALSE == ReadFile( hComPort, pBuf+nReadBufLen,dwReadLen, dwBytesRead,pUsbSrv-m_OverlappedRead))
{
if(GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
GetOverlappedResult(hComPort,osRead, dwTransfer, TRUE );
}
break;
}
nReadBufLen +=dwBytesRead;
dwTotalLen -=dwBytesRead;
dwReadLen -= dwBytesRead;
dwReadLen = (SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAXdwReadLen)?dwReadLen:SERAIL_PORT_BUF_MAX;
}
if(pUsbSrv-m_pRspCmdFunc!=NULLnReadBufLen!=0)
{
pUsbSrv-m_pRspCmdFunc(pUsbSrv-m_hParseApp, (char*)pBuf,nReadBufLen);
}
delete pBuf;
ClearCommError(hComPort, dwErrorFlags, ComStat );
int len =0;//= m_retList.GetSize();
}//endif if(dwEvtMaskEV_RXCHAR==EV_RXCHAR)
}//endif if( GetLastError()== ERROR_IO_PENDING)
}//endif if( !WaitCommEvent( hComPort, dwEvtMask,o))
else
{
if(GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
GetOverlappedResult(hComPort, osRead, dwTransfer, TRUE ); // sleep thread
}
}
Sleep(1);
} //endwhile while(m_bConnected)
return 0;
}
int CUsbSrvApp::ComConnect(CString strPort)
{
int nBaudRate = 115200;
int nDataBits = 8;
int nStopBits = 1;
int nParity = 0;
int nFlowCtrl = 1;
if (NULL != m_hCom || m_bConnected)
{
return 0;
}
m_hCom = OpenComPort(strPort,nBaudRate,nDataBits,nStopBits,nParity,nFlowCtrl);
if( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == m_hCom)
{
m_hCom = NULL;
return 0;
}
memset( m_OverlappedRead, 0, sizeof( OVERLAPPED ) );
memset( m_OverlappedWrite, 0, sizeof( OVERLAPPED ) );
m_OverlappedRead.hEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL );
m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL );
m_pThread = AfxBeginThread( ReceiveComData,(void*)this,THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL,0,CREATE_SUSPENDED ,NULL );
if( NULL == m_pThread )
{
CloseHandle( m_hCom );
m_hCom = NULL;
return FALSE;
}
else
{
m_bConnected = TRUE;
m_pThread-ResumeThread( );
}
return TRUE;
}
int CUsbSrvApp::OnSendData(const char *szBuf, int nLen)
{
BOOL bWriteStat;
BOOL bWrite = TRUE;
DWORD dwBytesWrite = 0;
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
int dwByteswrittenTotal = 0;
if (NULL == m_hCom)
return 0;
int nSentTimes=0;
while(dwByteswrittenTotalnLennSentTimes10)
{
nSentTimes++;
dwBytesWrite = nLen-dwByteswrittenTotal;
bWriteStat = WriteFile( m_hCom, szBuf+dwByteswrittenTotal, dwBytesWrite, dwBytesWritten, m_OverlappedWrite );
if( !bWriteStat)
{
if ( GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING )
{
dwBytesWritten = 0;
bWrite = FALSE;
}
}
if (!bWrite)
{
bWrite = TRUE;
bWriteStat = GetOverlappedResult(m_hCom, // Handle to COMM port
m_OverlappedWrite, // Overlapped structure
dwBytesWritten, // Stores number of bytes sent
TRUE); // Wait flag
//deal with the error code
}
dwByteswrittenTotal += dwBytesWritten;
}
if(dwByteswrittenTotalnLen)
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
1.打开usb接口上的设备，或者打开usb控制器，涉及到windows的驱动访问。一般访问设备使用CreateFile打开设备，然后使用ReadFile/WriteFile读写设备。
2.例程：
handle hFile = CreateFile(..., FILE_FLAG_overlapped, ...); //指定以异步方式打开
byte bBuffer[100];
overlapped o = { 0 };
o.Offset = 345;
bool bReadDone = ReadFile(hFile, bBuffer, 100, null, o); // bReadDone 指定I/O请求是不是以同步方式打开
dword dwError = GetLastError();
if (!bReadDone (dwError == ERROR_IO_PENDING)) { //异步方式打开
// The I/O is being performed asynchronously; wait for it to complete
WaitForSingleObject(hFile, infinite);
bReadDone = TRUE;
}
if (bReadDone) {
// o.Internal contains the I/O error
// o.InternalHigh contains the number of bytes transferred
// bBuffer contains the read data
} else {
// An error occurred; see dwError
}
#include reg51.h
#include intrins.h
unsigned char key_s, key_v, tmp;
char code str[] = "welcome! \n\r";
void send_str();
bit scan_key();
void proc_key();
void delayms(unsigned char ms);
void send_char(unsigned char txd);
sbit K1 = P1^4;
main()
{
TMOD = 0x20; // 定时器1工作于8位自动重载模式, 用于产生波特率
TH1 = 0xFD; // 波特率9600
TL1 = 0xFD;
SCON = 0x50; // 设定串行口工作方式
PCON = 0xef; // 波特率不倍增
TR1 = 1; // 启动定时器1
IE = 0x0; // 禁止任何中断
while(1)
{
if(scan_key()) // 扫描按键
{
delayms(10); // 延时去抖动
if(scan_key()) // 再次扫描
{
key_v = key_s; // 保存键值
proc_key(); // 键处理
}
}
if(RI) // 是否有数据到来
{
RI = 0;
tmp = SBUF; // 暂存接收到的数据
P0 = tmp; // 数据传送到P0口
send_char(tmp); // 回传接收到的数据
}
}
}
bit scan_key()
// 扫描按键
｛
key_s = 0x00;
key_s |= K1;
return(key_s ^ key_v);
}
void proc_key()
// 键处理
{
if((key_v 0x01) == 0)
{ // K1按下
send_str(); // 传送字串"welcome!...
}
}
void send_char(unsigned char txd)
// 传送一个字符
{
SBUF = txd;
while(!TI); // 等特数据传送
TI = 0; // 清除数据传送标志
}
void send_str()
// 传送字串
{
unsigned char i = 0;
while(str[i] != '\0')
{
SBUF = str[i];
while(!TI); // 等特数据传送
TI = 0; // 清除数据传送标志
i++; // 下一个字符
}
}
void delayms(unsigned char ms)
// 延时子程序
{
unsigned char i;
while(ms--)
{
for(i = 0; i 120; i++);
}
}
拓展资料
C语言是一门通用计算机编程语言，应用广泛。C语言的设计目标是提供一种能以简易的方式编译、处理低级存储器、产生少量的机器码以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的编程语言。
尽管C语言提供了许多低级处理的功能，但仍然保持着良好跨平台的特性，以一个标准规格写出的C语言程序可在许多电脑平台上进行编译，甚至包含一些嵌入式处理器（单片机或称MCU）以及超级电脑等作业平台。
二十世纪八十年代，为了避免各开发厂商用的C语言语法产生差异，由美国国家标准局为C语言制定了一套完整的美国国家标准语法，称为ANSI C，作为C语言最初的标准。目前2011年12月8日，国际标准化组织（ISO）和国际电工委员会（IEC）发布的C11标准是C语言的第三个官方标准，也是C语言的最新标准，该标准更好的支持了汉字函数名和汉字标识符，一定程度上实现了汉字编程。
windows下对串口的操作可以通过WindowsAPI进行,也可以通过Linux下的read什么的直接操作,但是这种情况需要了解电路结构,比较麻烦,第三种有第三方提供的库,但是大多数针对C++,所以可能比较难找到顺手的第三方库.
那么,接下来就见要介绍一下串口通信用WindowsAPI通信的方式.
我们会发现,在文件名的位置填上"comX" X表示com口号,超过十的com口号需要另外的书写方式,这里不说了,因为网上一抓一大把,接下来,我们要对串口进行一系列的明确设置,这里就用到了一个结构体DCB结构,是专门用来描述一个com口的工作方式的,由于次结构体有28个成员,非常多,而且大部分的设置都是全世界通用的,所以,我们偷个懒,在打开一个com口之后,建立DCB结构体,接下来调用一个函数GetCommState用这个函数把现在com口的数据都写到DCB里,这样,比较通用的com口设置就已经弄好了,我们一般情况下只需要改一下DCB的波特率就好了,改好后马上用SetCommState把刚改好的结构体再写回去,这样串口就设置好了,现在还有点麻烦,串口设置好了,我们要它干什么呢?废话,读写数据呗,嘟~~~~~~可不能用fwrite和fread因为这个com口句柄不是文件句柄,是内核句柄,要用ReadFile和WriteFile来进行读写,又出麻烦了,我们怎么知道单片机什么时候发数据过来,就算我们知道,计算机什么时候知道啊?所以,一般的情况下,用ReadFile一直在哪检查,又是麻烦,通常情况下,一个com口的ReadFile设置是阻塞函数,影响编程啊!!!!!!
怎么办,很简单,你不阻塞吗,打通你呗,我们再建立里一个结构体COMMTIMEOUTS这个结构体描述里一个com口的相关超时设置,我们用GetCommTimeouts把数据读回来,具体的设置方法在网上也有,但是要注意,有一个MAXDWORD用它来设置读间隔超时设置就可以使ReadFile向kbhit()函数一样完全非阻塞了.
经过一些列的设置,事实上,现在已经可以通信了,要是有人觉得缓存不舒服,用SetupComm函数来重设缓存大小,对于传输速度比较快的通信,要把缓存设置的大些.
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getch();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
szBuffer[0]=ch;
fWriteStat = WriteFile( my_Comm, szBuffer, 1,dwWritenSize,(m_OverlappedWrite));
if(!fWriteStat)
printf("send error!\n");
}