众所周知，IMP工具的FROMUSER和TOUSER参数可以实现将一个用户的的数据迁移到另外一个用户。同样的功能在IMPPDP工具中如何得以体现呢？
答案就是：使用IMPPDP的REMAP_SCHEMA参数实现。
简单演示一下，供参考。
任务：将sec用户中的数据迁移到secooler用户。
1.分别确认sec和secooler用户下的表和数据情况
1）sec用户下有一张T表，含有24360行数据
sys@ora10g> conn sec/sec
Connected.
sec@ora10g> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
T TABLE
sec@ora10g> select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
24360
2）确认secooler用户不包含表T
secooler@ora10g> conn secooler/secooler
Connected.
secooler@ora10g> select * from tab;
no rows selected
2.创建目录对象expdp_dir
sys@ora10g> create or replace directory expdp_dir as '/expdp';
Directory created.
3.将目录对象expdp_dir的读写权限授权给sec和secooler用户
sys@ora10g> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to sec;
Grant succeeded.
sys@ora10g> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to secooler;
Grant succeeded.
4.生成sec的备份文件
ora10g@secDB /expdp$ expdp sec/sec directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`_sec.dmp logfile=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`_sec.log
Export: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 01 April, 2010 10:29:17
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP and Data Mining Scoring Engine options
Starting "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": sec/******** directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=20100401102917_sec.dmp logfile=20100401102917_sec.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 3 MB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
. . exported "SEC"."T" 2.259 MB 24360 rows
Master table "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SEC.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/expdp/20100401102917_sec.dmp
Job "SEC"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 10:29:20
生成的备份文件信息如下：
ora10g@secDB /expdp$ ls -l *sec.dmp
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.5M Apr 1 10:29 20100401102917_sec.dmp
5.使用IMPDP的REMAP_SCHEMA参数实现secooler用户的数据导入
ora10g@secDB /expdp$ impdp secooler/secooler directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=20100401102917_sec.dmp logfile=20100401102917_sec_impdp.log REMAP_SCHEMA=sec:secooler
Import: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 01 April, 2010 10:32:10
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP and Data Mining Scoring Engine options
Master table "SECOOLER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SECOOLER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": secooler/******** directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=20100401102917_sec.dmp logfile=20100401102917_sec_impdp.log REMAP_SCHEMA=sec:secooler
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SECOOLER" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SECOOLER"."T" 2.259 MB 24360 rows
Job "SECOOLER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 10:32:12
OK，迁入任务完成。
6.确认最后的迁移迁移成果
连接到secooler用户确认T表及其中的数据是否已经完成导入。
sec@ora10g> conn secooler/secooler
Connected.
secooler@ora10g> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
T TABLE
secooler@ora10g> select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
24360
OK，搞定。
7.进一步参考资料
最好的参考资料就是Oracle的官方文档，参考链接如下：
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14215/dp_import.htm#sthref340
便于参考，copy一份在此：
REMAP_SCHEMA
Default: none
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Purpose
Loads all objects from the
source schema into a target schema.
Syntax and Description
REMAP_SCHEMA=source_schema:target_schema
Multiple REMAP_SCHEMA lines can be specified, but the
source schema must be different for each one. However, different source
schemas can map to the same target schema. The mapping may not be 100
percent complete, because there are certain schema references that
Import is not capable of finding. For example, Import will not find
schema references ××ded within the body of definitions of types,
views, procedures, and packages.
If the schema you are remapping to does not already exist, the import
operation creates it, provided the dump file set contains the necessary
CREATE USER metadata for the source schema
and you are importing with enough privileges. For example, the following
Export commands would create the dump file sets with the necessary
metadata to create a schema, because the user SYSTEM has
the necessary privileges:
> expdp SYSTEM/password SCHEMAS=hr
> expdp SYSTEM/password FULL=y
If your dump file set does not contain the metadata necessary to
create a schema, or if you do not have privileges, then the target
schema must be created before the import operation is performed. This is
because the unprivileged dump files do not contain the necessary
information for the import to create the schema automatically.
If the import operation does create the schema, then after the import
is complete, you must assign it a valid password in order to connect to
it. The SQL statement to do this, which requires privileges, is:
SQL> ALTER USER [schema_name] IDENTIFIED BY [new_pswd]
Restrictions
Unprivileged users can perform. schema remaps only if their schema is
the target schema of the remap. (Privileged users can perform.
unrestricted schema remaps.)
For example, SCOTT can remap his BLAKE's
objects to SCOTT, but SCOTT cannot remap SCOTT's
objects to BLAKE.
Example
Suppose that you execute the following Export and Import commands to
remap the hr schema into the scott schema:
> expdp SYSTEM/password SCHEMAS=hr DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=hr.dmp
> impdp SYSTEM/password DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=hr.dmp
REMAP_SCHEMA=hr:scott
In this example, if user scott already exists before the
import, then the Import REMAP_SCHEMA command will add
objects from the hr schema into the existing scott
schema. You can connect to the scott schema after the
import by using the existing password (without resetting it).
If user scott does not exist before you execute the
import operation, Import automatically creates it with an unusable
password. This is possible because the dump file, hr.dmp,
was created by SYSTEM, which has the privileges necessary
to create a dump file that contains the metadata needed to create a
schema. However, you cannot connect to scott on completion
of the import, unless you reset the password for scott on
the target database after the import completes.
8.小结
在从EXP备份工具转到EXPDP工具的过程中，有很多的变动一定要注意，防止因误用导致效率低下。
无论是从功能上还是效率上讲，EXPDP都是首选（需要在服务器端使用）。
Good luck.
secooler
10.04.01
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