如果你需要安装的数据库服务器比较多，使用图形化方式安装数据库软件的速度还是很慢，而且也比较麻烦。Oracle 11g 提供了Clone安装的方法。
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步骤如下：
使用正常方法在服务器A上安装好Oracle。
将A机器上的$ORACLE_HOME打包，db_home1.zip 。
将B机器的环境准备好，如建立用户、建立用户、修改内核参数，修改环境变量等等。
将zip包copy到B服务器，解压到任意目录。
执行Clone命令
A机器上打包
[root@localhost oracle]# zip -r db_1.zip /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/
2. 准备B机器环境
[root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# ./1preusers.sh [root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# ./2predir.sh [root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# ./3prelimits.sh [root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# ./4presysctl.sh
脚本内容如下
[root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# cat 1preusers.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create 3 groups named 'oinstall','dba','oper', plus 1 users named 'oracle'.
#Also setting the Environment
#variable for oracle user.
#variable for grid user.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh
#Author:ding liqing
echo "Now create 3 groups named 'oinstall','dba','oper'"
echo "Plus 1 users named 'oracle',Also setting the Environment"
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh34:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "The Groups and users has been created"
echo "The Environment for oracle also has been set successfully"[root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# cat 2predir.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create the necessary directory for oracle users and change the authention to oracle users.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh
#Author:ding liqing
echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle users and change the authention to oracle users..."
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01
echo "The necessary directory for oracle users and change the authention to oracle users has been finished"[root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# cat 3prelimits.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh
#Author:ding lq
echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4presysctl.sh
#Author:ding liqing
echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."
echo "Now make the changes take effect....."
sysctl -p3. 将A机器上的zip包copy到B机器上
[root@localhost inst_env_scripts]# scp 192.168.199.163:/home/oracle/db_1.zip /home/oracle/ The authenticity of host '192.168.199.163 (192.168.199.163)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is cc:d0:c3:de:37:33:a7:cb:91:40:c5:5f:18:07:06:9f. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.199.163' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.199.163's password: db_1.zip 100% 2366MB 30.0MB/s 01:19
4. 解压zip文件
[root@localhost oracle]# unzip -d / db_1.zip [root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/
5.执行Clone命令
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/clone/bin/ [oracle@localhost bin]$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE="/u01/app/oracle/" ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1" OSDBA_GROUP=dba OSOPER_GROUP=oper -defaultHomeName
执行结果如下
./runInstaller -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/" "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1" "oracle_install_OSDBA=dba" "oracle_install_OSOPER=oper" -defaultHomeName -defaultHomeName -silent -noConfig -nowait Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 1999 MB Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-08-22_05-13-13AM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal Installer, Version 11.2.0.4.0 Production Copyright (C) 1999, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. You can find the log of this install session at: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2015-08-22_05-13-13AM.log .................................................................................................... 100% Done. Installation in progress (Saturday, August 22, 2015 5:13:31 AM CST) .............................................................................. 78% Done. Install successful Linking in progress (Saturday, August 22, 2015 5:13:38 AM CST) Link successful Setup in progress (Saturday, August 22, 2015 5:13:41 AM CST) Setup successful End of install phases.(Saturday, August 22, 2015 5:14:06 AM CST) WARNING:A new inventory has been created in this session. However, it has not yet been registered as the central inventory of this system. To register the new inventory please run the script '/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh' with root privileges. If you do not register the inventory, you may not be able to update or patch the products you installed. The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts The cloning of OraHome1 was successful. Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2015-08-22_05-13-13AM.log' for more details.
6. 使用root用户运行上面的两个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
安装完毕！