如何在补丁StarlingX中如何创建补丁与应用补丁？这篇文章主要讲解补丁的修复，即创建补丁和应用补丁，阅读完整文相信大家对创建补丁与应用补丁有了一定的认识。
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一个StarlingX补丁包括一个或多个系统升级所需要的rpm包。在开始创建补丁之前需要验证rpm包已经在已部署的StarlingX上安装了。以下步骤可以帮助我们确认。
确定已部署系统的软件版本，有两种方式
• 在horizon界面上 Admin -> Platform
-> System Configuration -> Systems
• 使用命令行 system show
controller-0:~$ . /etc/platform/openrc
[sysadmin@controller-0 ~(keystone_admin)]$ system show
+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| contact | None |
| created_at | 2019-10-14T03:10:50.862114+00:00 |
| description | None |
| https_enabled | False |
| location | None |
| name | 608dfe48-9a05-4b21-afc1-ea122574caa7 |
| region_name | RegionOne |
| sdn_enabled | False |
| security_feature | spectre_meltdown_v1 |
| service_project_name | services |
| software_version | 19.09 |
| system_mode | duplex |
| system_type | All-in-one |
| timezone | UTC |
| updated_at | 2019-10-14T03:12:41.983029+00:00 |
| uuid | 2639ad15-08a7-4f1b-a372-f927a5e4ab31 |
| vswitch_type | none |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
现在假设StarlingX的源码已经下载好了，需要升级安装的rpm包也准备好了，现在我们开始构造补丁构建环境。再次声明，这个教程主要针对开发人员，而不是产品。
安装2个cgcs-patch依赖包，crypto和pycrypto
sudo pip install crypto pycrypto
在这个脚本中，它从release-info.inc 文件中获取PLATFORM_RELEASE参数，并把PYTHONPATH指向repo中的cgcs-patch包，避免了安装cgcs-patch和手动指定PLATFORM_RELEASE参数。可以使用下面命令查看构建脚本的使用说明。
$ $MY_REPO/stx/stx-update/cgcs-patch/bin/patch_build --help
Usage: patch_build [ ] ...
Options:
--id Patch ID
--release Platform release version
--status Patch Status Code (ie. O, R, V)
--unremovable Marks patch as unremovable
--reboot-required Marks patch as reboot-required (default=Y)
--summary Patch Summary
--desc Patch Description
--warn Patch Warnings
--inst Patch Install Instructions
--req Required Patch
--controller New package for controller
--worker New package for worker node
--worker-lowlatency New package for worker-lowlatency node
--storage New package for storage node
--controller-worker New package for combined node
--controller-worker-lowlatency New package for lowlatency
combined node
--all-nodes New package for all node types 使用这个脚本可以指定patch id、reboot required、depended patches、rpm list等等，如果系统上没有的，需要新安装的包需要指定节点，比如 --controller 指定是在控制节点上新装包。脚本执行完后，可以得到名字为“
下面深入研究下这个补丁文件。
首先，这个补丁文件是个gzip压缩包。我们可以通过file命令去检查下。
$ file 001.patch
001.patch: gzip compressed data, was "001.patch", last modified:
Fri Aug 16 05:56:59 2019, max compression
解压出来后，可以看到以下文件
$ tar -xf 001.patch
$ tree
├── 001.patch
├── metadata.tar
├── signature
├── signature.v2
└── software.tar
$MY_REPO/build-tools/signing/ima_signing_key.priv
在metadata.tar中只有一个文件metadata.xml，包含补丁构建的所有信息。StarlingX集群系统会读取这个文件信息。
signature文件包含software.tar和metadata.tar的MD5的组合。
补丁生成后，可以手动安装补丁到指定的StarlingX系统，同时支持界面和命令行安装操作。补丁的生命周期包括四个状态： Available,Partial-Apply, Applied 和 Partial-Remove.
• Available：表示补丁已经上传到补丁存储库里了，但是还没有到软件升级的仓库，同样也没有在任何主机上安装。
• Partial-Apply：表示补丁升级程序已经被触发（sw-patch apply），已经在部分主机上安装，但是还没有在所有需要安装的主机上安装。
• Applied：表示已经在所有需要安装的主机上安装完成。
• Partial-Remove：表示补丁正在被移除，通过命令触发(sw-patch remove),正在移除，但是还没完全移除。
如果需要用命令行安装补丁，需要把补丁拷贝到active的控制节点上。StarlingX集群提供客户端命令sw-patch。补丁操作都是通过这个命令完成，这个命令提供了很多功能，包括upload, apply, query,host-install, delete, remove等等。
controller-0:~$ sw-patch --help
usage: sw-patch [--debug]
...
Subcomands:
upload: Upload one or more patches to the patching system.
upload-dir: Upload patches from one or more directories to the
patching system.
apply: Apply one or more patches. This adds the specified
patches to the repository, making the update(s)
available to the hosts in the system. Use --all to
apply all available patches.
Patches are specified as a space-separated list of
patch IDs.
remove: Remove one or more patches. This removes the specified
patches from the repository.
Patches are specified as a space-separated list of
patch IDs.
delete: Delete one or more patches from the patching system.
Patches are specified as a space-separated list of
patch IDs.
query: Query system patches. Optionally, specify 'query
applied' to query only those patches that are applied,
or 'query available' to query those that are not.
show: Show details for specified patches.
what-requires: List patches that require the specified patches.
query-hosts: Query patch states for hosts in the system.
host-install: Trigger patch install/remove on specified host. To
force install on unlocked node, use the --force option.
host-install-async: Trigger patch install/remove on specified host. To
force install on unlocked node, use the --force option.
Note: This command returns immediately upon dispatching
installation request.
install-local: Trigger patch install/remove on the local host. This
command can only be used for patch installation prior
to initial configuration.
drop-host: Drop specified host from table.
query-dependencies: List dependencies for specified patch. Use
--recursive for recursive query.
is-applied: Query Applied state for list of patches. Returns True
if all are Applied, False otherwise.
report-app-dependencies: Report application patch dependencies,
specifying application name with --app option, plus a
list of patches. Reported dependencies can be dropped
by specifying app with no patch list.
query-app-dependencies: Display set of reported application patch
dependencies.
commit: Commit patches to free disk space. WARNING: This
action is irreversible!
--os-region-name: Send the request to a specified region 下面演示如何使用这个命令去安装补丁。演示用的补丁是需要安装在所有主机上的In-Service补丁，需要升级的StarlingX环境是 2+2+2的标准环境。
Patch Current 表示当前主机是否有补丁安装，Yes表示没有安装补丁，No表示至少有一个补丁在安装
当补丁状态available后，可以触发补丁安装
controller-0:/$ sudo sw-patch apply 001
001 is now in the repo
检查补丁状态
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch query
Patch ID RR Release Patch State
======== == ======= =============
001 N 19.09 Partial-Apply
检查节点状态
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch query-hosts
Hostname IP Address Patch Current Reboot Required Release State
============ ============== ============= =============== ====== =====
compute-0 192.178.204.7 No No 19.09 idle
compute-1 192.178.204.9 No No 19.09 idle
controller-0 192.178.204.3 No No 19.09 idle
controller-1 192.178.204.4 No No 19.09 idle
storage-0 192.178.204.12 No No 19.09 idle
storage-1 192.178.204.11 No No 19.09 idle
在每个节点上安装补丁，由于是in-service 补丁，所以不需要执行lock操作。
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install controller-0
...
Installation was successful.
检查主机升级状态
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch query-hosts
Hostname IP Address Patch Current Reboot Required Release State
============ ============== ============= =============== ====== =====
compute-0 192.178.204.7 No No 19.09 idle
compute-1 192.178.204.9 No No 19.09 idle
controller-0 192.178.204.3 Yes No 19.09 idle
controller-1 192.178.204.4 No No 19.09 idle
storage-0 192.178.204.12 No No 19.09 idle
storage-1 192.178.204.11 No No 19.09 idle
在所有节点上安装补丁，需要为每个节点执行命令
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install controller-1
....
Installation was successful.
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install compute-0
....
Installation was successful.
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install compute-1
....
Installation was successful.
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install storage-0
...
Installation was successful.
controller-0:~$ sudo sw-patch host-install storage-1
...
Installation was successful.
除了补丁升级，StarlingX还支持补丁回退和删除，通过下面两个命令实现sw-patch remove和sw-patch host-install，和补丁安装有点类似。
在上面的例子中，演示了在集群中补丁升级的功能。但是在大规模集群中，整个升级过程会持续很长的时间。特别是reboot-required补丁，这个方案会很糟糕，效率很低而且给管理员带来很多工作。因此StarlingX提供了另一个高级特性“补丁编排”。它支持集群通过一些简单的操作达到升级的目的，极大减少管理员的工作负担和较少出错。这个功能有三种方式使用，客户端CLI、界面Horizon和VIM Restful API。
客户端CLI。StarlingX提供客户端工具sw-manager， 可以用于补丁编排。如下所示，可以通过创建和应用补丁策略来升级整个集群
controller-0:~$ sw-manager patch-strategy -h
usage: sw-manager patch-strategy [-h] ...
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Software Patch Commands:
create Create a strategy
delete Delete a strategy
apply Apply a strategy
abort Abort a strategy
show Show a strategy
controller-0:~$ sw-manager patch-strategy create -h
usage: sw-manager patch-strategy create [-h]
[--controller-apply-type {serial,ignore}]
[--storage-apply-type {serial,parallel,ignore}]
[--worker-apply-type {serial,parallel,ignore}]
[--max-parallel-worker-hosts {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,
28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,
45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,
62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,
79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,
96,97,98,99,100}]
[--instance-action {migrate,stop-start}]
[--alarm-restrictions {strict,relaxed}]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--controller-apply-type {serial,ignore}
defaults to serial
--storage-apply-type {serial,parallel,ignore}
defaults to serial
--worker-apply-type {serial,parallel,ignore}
defaults to serial
--max-parallel-worker-hosts {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,
37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,
57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,
77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,
97,98,99,100}
maximum worker hosts to patch in parallel
--instance-action {migrate,stop-start}
defaults to stop-start
--alarm-restrictions {strict,relaxed}
defaults to strict
界面Horizon。打开Admin -> Platform
-> Software Management -> Patch Orchestration 标签
在补丁安装时，补丁编排要求集群处于一个良好的状态。
• 所有主机必须处于unlocked-enabled-available状态
• 系统没有告警
• 足够的空间用于VM迁移
• 所有的源码都在StarlingX仓库里开源，包括“update”和“nfv”
• in-service补丁和reboot-required补丁的生成和安装已经经过验证
• 补丁编排还没经过验证
看完这篇文章，你们学会创建补丁与应用补丁了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读。