二进制安装步骤：
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groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres postgres
id postgres
passwd postgres
mkdir -p /data/postgresql/data
mkdir -p /data/postgresql/log
tar xf postgresql-9.5.9-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
chown -R postgres.postgres pgsql
cd /data
chown -R postgres.postgres postgresql
cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/
vim /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
普通用户启动postgreSQL服务
su - postgres
初始化数据库：
initdb -E utf8 -D /data/postgresql/data
启动数据库：
pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log start
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log
LOG: could not create IPv6 socket: Address family not supported by protocol
LOG: database system was shut down at 2017-10-04 18:06:18 CST
LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
LOG: autovacuum launcher started
关闭postgresql服务
pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log stop
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log
LOG: received fast shutdown request
LOG: aborting any active transactions
LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG: shutting down
LOG: database system is shut down
重启postgresql服务
pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log restart
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log
LOG: received fast shutdown request
LOG: aborting any active transactions
LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG: shutting down
LOG: database system is shut down
LOG: could not create IPv6 socket: Address family not supported by protocol
LOG: database system was shut down at 2017-10-04 18:08:15 CST
LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
LOG: autovacuum launcher started
查看启动日志：
tail -100f /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log
ps -ef
登陆数据库：
psql
默认登陆postgresql数据库是不需要密码的