这篇文章主要介绍了oracle 12c release2如何安装，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
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0.需要添加如下文件几内容
备注：/etc/oraInst.loc的内容为
inventory_loc=/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
1. 下载Oracle 12c 的压缩包，只有一个zip文件
2. 添加用户组以及创建目录：
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
mkdir /u01; mkdir /u02; mkdir /u03;
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03
3. 修改/etc/hosts文件
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.6.128 dbserver
4. 修改/etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
使参数生效
sysctl -p
5. 配置/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
6. 修改/etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
7. 安装oracle需要的缺少的 包
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install nfs-utils -y
yum install net-tools -y
yum install smartmontools -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel.i686 -y
yum install e2fsprogs -y
yum install e2fsprogs-libs -y
yum install libs -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
8. 修改/etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive
修改完后保存执行如下
# setenforce Permissive
9. 关闭防火墙
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
10. 添加环境变量
#touch /etc/profile.d/setora.sh
该文件添加如下内容：
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
#export oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle.sunyard
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=dbserver
export GLOBAL_NAME=odb
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=hgs
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=hgs
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
11.将linuxx64_12201_database.zip上传服务器，并解压，解压后目录为
以静默方式安装需要配置responseFile
配置目录下的database/response/db_install.rsp，关键修改一下配置，否则安装时会报错，按照自己着真实配置
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcle12c
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=hgs
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=HGShgs912122_
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=HGShgs912122_
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u02
保存文件
12. 安装
图中标识的就是要运行的文件
可以 ./runInstaller --help 查看帮助
运行如下安装
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u03/database/response/db_install.rsp -showProgress
会有进度提示
13.创建数据库
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
cp init.ora inithgs.ora
chown oracle:oinstall inithgs.ora
将 inithgs.ora 修改如下 内存大小根据真实情况调整
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/controls/ora_control1','/u01/app/oracle/controls/ora_control2'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='hgs'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.diagnostic_dest='
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.memory_target=3G
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
#*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
切换到oracle用户
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount
CREATE DATABASE hgs
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/redo01.log') SIZE 1000M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/redo02.log') SIZE 1000M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/redo03.log') SIZE 1000M
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/system01.dbf' SIZE 1024M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 1024M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hgs/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
创建完成后需要执行几个sql脚本
sys用户
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
system 用户
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
至此，安装oracle以及创建数据库完毕
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