开始做Halcon的上位机，选用VisualStudio10.0平台。C#第一步：VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll01.新建项目02.选择VisualC#03.修改文件名04.确认第二步VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll01.选择“解决方案资源管理器”02.选择“引用”，右键03.选择“添加引用”第三步VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll01.在添加引用选项卡选择浏览02.选择路径：X:\ProgramFiles\MVTec\HALCON-10.0\bin\dotnet2003.选择“HalconDotNet.dll”04.确认第四步VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll01.选择“工具箱”02.选择“所有工具”或任意工具控件，右键03.选择“选择项”第五步VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll选择Halcon图像控件VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll还有VB的设置，如下图：VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll01.选择项目名称02.点击显示全部文件，取消隐藏，就可以看到引用03.引用，邮件04.添加，之后的步骤和C#一样VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dll选择工具控件，步骤和C#基本一样。VB的第二张图，步骤如下01.选择“工具箱”02.选择“所有工具”或任意工具控件，右键03.选择“选择项”04.在“.netframwork组件”的选项卡中，选择浏览05.出来的对话框中，选择X:\ProgramFiles\MVTec\HALCON-10.0\bin\dotnet2006.选择“HalconDotNet.dll”07.确认08.这时候的工具栏的控件是HWinwow控件。kamuixiao:X:\ProgramFiles\MVTec\HALCON-10.0\bin\dotnet20路径下的无法使用，在.netframework组件无法找到X:\ProgramFiles\MVTec\HALCON-10.0\bin\dotnet35路径下的可用，在.netframework组件下可以找到，并且在工具箱上能够找到并使用，但是功能无法实现，如下图我不作其他动作，程序代码内容仅是运行时候读取一张图片，在调试的时候能够运行，但读不到图片……楼主在VB.NET环境下正常运行了吗？求解~VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dllx8515618:定义错了dimm_hWindowAsHtuple'这是一个句柄，不是窗体控件x8515618:Dimm_hWindowAsHtuple=Nothingkamuixiao:谢谢楼上的建议，但是我试了下发现仍然不行，我觉得问题不是出在这里，不知道使用VB.NET的各位有没有遇到过，反正我是没能正常实现过一次的，输出显示的错误情况如图：VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dllx8515618:你只是读取了图片，都没有显示图片呢灵峤lencue:你最开始新建项目的时候选择的“.net框架”版本是多少的？.net2.0就用dotnet20文件夹，3.5就用dontnet35文件夹，你再查看一下，会不会是这个问题，看能不能解决。irun999:请问楼主，用在VS2008中用C#读入一直比较大的图片的时候只是显示部分图片，如何解决？灵峤lencue:dev_resize_window_fit_image(ho_Image,0,0,300,400);用这个算子，在C#的program.cs中可以用的，后面的300,400就是显示这个图片的大小的，会被缩放到这个比例。irun999:请问在VS2005C#处理视频，程序老是死掉，怎么？视频无法实时显示。是不是视频太大了，VS2005处理不够来？该怎么？灵峤lencue:采用C#的多线程，具体怎么使用，我还在学习中，要是有进展，再一起讨论。好吧，我写漏了，但事实上我把显示补上，然后按照兄台所说修改定义后仍然没能成功！~附图：VisualStudio10.0设置引用HalconDotNet.dllirun999:今天下午发现视频无法显示是因为hdevelop导出程序的死循环函数里没有HOperatorSet.DispObj显示函数。但是关闭程序就会出现vshost.exe无响应。这个问题可能得多线程解决了。
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tuplestring应该不是.net库的方法，而是某个第三方实现，如果你要知道它还有哪些参数的话，可以在Visual Studio中在tuplestring上按F12，查看它的签名，以及是否有多个重载。
"10.3f"是以前C语言格式字符串的一种，表示输出符点型结果，共10位，其中小数点后输出3位。
.NET 6 引入了两种期待已久的类型 - DateOnly 和 TimeOnly, 它们分别代表 DateTime 的日期和时间部分。
DateOnly dateOnly = new ( 2021 , 9 , 25 );
Console . WriteLine ( dateOnly );
TimeOnly timeOnly = new ( 19 , 0 , 0 );
Console . WriteLine ( timeOnly );
DateOnly dateOnlyFromDate = DateOnly . FromDateTime ( DateTime . Now );
Console . WriteLine ( dateOnlyFromDate );
TimeOnly timeOnlyFromDate = TimeOnly . FromDateTime ( DateTime . Now );
Console . WriteLine ( timeOnlyFromDate );
它可以控制多个异步任务的并行度。
var userHandlers = new []
{
"users/okyrylchuk" ,
"users/jaredpar" ,
"users/davidfowl"
};
using HttpClient client = new ()
{
BaseAddress = new Uri ( "" ),
};
client . DefaultRequestHeaders . UserAgent . Add ( new ProductInfoHeaderValue ( "DotNet" , "6" ));
ParallelOptions options = new ()
{
MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3
};
await Parallel . ForEachAsync ( userHandlers , options , async ( uri , token ) =
{
var user = await client . GetFromJsonAsync GitHubUser ( uri , token );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Name: {user.Name} Bio: {user.Bio} " );
});
public class GitHubUser
{
public string Name { get ; set ; }
public string Bio { get ; set ; }
}
// Output:
// Name: David Fowler
// Bio: Partner Software Architect at Microsoft on the ASP.NET team, Creator of SignalR
//
// Name: Oleg Kyrylchuk
// Bio: Software developer | Dotnet | C# | Azure
//
// Name: Jared Parsons
// Bio: Developer on the C# compiler
ArgumentNullException 的小改进, 在抛出异常之前不需要在每个方法中检查 null, 现在只需要写一行, 和 response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); 类似。
ExampleMethod ( null );
void ExampleMethod ( object param )
{
ArgumentNullException . ThrowIfNull ( param );
// Do something
}
.NET 6 新增的数据结构, PriorityQueue, 队列每个元素都有一个关联的优先级，它决定了出队顺序, 编号小的元素优先出列。
PriorityQueue string , int priorityQueue = new ();
priorityQueue . Enqueue ( "Second" , 2 );
priorityQueue . Enqueue ( "Fourth" , 4 );
priorityQueue . Enqueue ( "Third 1" , 3 );
priorityQueue . Enqueue ( "Third 2" , 3 );
priorityQueue . Enqueue ( "First" , 1 );
while ( priorityQueue . Count 0 )
{
string item = priorityQueue . Dequeue ();
Console . WriteLine ( item );
}
// Output:
// First
// Second
// Third 2
// Third 1
// Fourth
提供基于偏移量的 API，用于以线程安全的方式读取和写入文件。
using SafeFileHandle handle = File . OpenHandle ( "file.txt" , access : FileAccess . ReadWrite );
// Write to file
byte [] strBytes = Encoding . UTF8 . GetBytes ( "Hello world" );
ReadOnlyMemory buffer1 = new ( strBytes );
await RandomAccess . WriteAsync ( handle , buffer1 , 0 );
// Get file length
long length = RandomAccess . GetLength ( handle );
// Read from file
Memory buffer2 = new ( new byte [ length ]);
await RandomAccess . ReadAsync ( handle , buffer2 , 0 );
string content = Encoding . UTF8 . GetString ( buffer2 . ToArray ());
Console . WriteLine ( content ); // Hello world
认识一个完全异步的“PeriodicTimer”, 更适合在异步场景中使用, 它有一个方法 WaitForNextTickAsync 。
// One constructor: public PeriodicTimer(TimeSpan period)
using PeriodicTimer timer = new ( TimeSpan . FromSeconds ( 1 ));
while ( await timer . WaitForNextTickAsync ())
{
Console . WriteLine ( DateTime . UtcNow );
}
// Output:
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:05 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:06 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:07 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:08 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:09 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:10 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:11 PM
// 13 - Oct - 21 19:58:12 PM
// ...
.NET 6 实现了 OpenTelemetry Metrics API 规范, 内置了指标API, 通过 Meter 类创建下面的指标
•Counter
•Histogram
•ObservableCounter
•ObservableGauge
使用的方法如下：
var builder = WebApplication . CreateBuilder ( args );
var app = builder . Build ();
// Create Meter
var meter = new Meter ( "MetricsApp" , "v1.0" );
// Create counter
Counter counter = meter . CreateCounter ( "Requests" );
app . Use (( context , next ) =
{
// Record the value of measurement
counter . Add ( 1 );
return next ( context );
});
app . MapGet ( "/" , () = "Hello World" );
StartMeterListener ();
app . Run ();
// Create and start Meter Listener
void StartMeterListener ()
{
var listener = new MeterListener ();
listener . InstrumentPublished = ( instrument , meterListener ) =
{
if ( instrument . Name == "Requests" instrument . Meter . Name == "MetricsApp" )
{
// Start listening to a specific measurement recording
meterListener . EnableMeasurementEvents ( instrument , null );
}
};
listener . SetMeasurementEventCallback (( instrument , measurement , tags , state ) =
{
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Instrument {instrument.Name} has recorded the measurement: {measurement}" );
});
listener . Start ();
}
它提供来自反射成员的可空性信息和上下文：
•ParameterInfo 参数
•FieldInfo 字段
•PropertyInfo 属性
•EventInfo 事件
var example = new Example ();
var nullabilityInfoContext = new NullabilityInfoContext ();
foreach ( var propertyInfo in example . GetType (). GetProperties ())
{
var nullabilityInfo = nullabilityInfoContext . Create ( propertyInfo );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "{propertyInfo.Name} property is {nullabilityInfo.WriteState}" );
}
// Output:
// Name property is Nullable
// Value property is NotNull
class Example
{
public string ? Name { get ; set ; }
public string Value { get ; set ; }
}
它允许您获取嵌套元素的可为空的信息, 您可以指定数组属性必须为非空，但元素可以为空，反之亦然。
Type exampleType = typeof ( Example );
PropertyInfo notNullableArrayPI = exampleType . GetProperty ( nameof ( Example . NotNullableArray ));
PropertyInfo nullableArrayPI = exampleType . GetProperty ( nameof ( Example . NullableArray ));
NullabilityInfoContext nullabilityInfoContext = new ();
NullabilityInfo notNullableArrayNI = nullabilityInfoContext . Create ( notNullableArrayPI );
Console . WriteLine ( notNullableArrayNI . ReadState ); // NotNull
Console . WriteLine ( notNullableArrayNI . ElementType . ReadState ); // Nullable
NullabilityInfo nullableArrayNI = nullabilityInfoContext . Create ( nullableArrayPI );
Console . WriteLine ( nullableArrayNI . ReadState ); // Nullable
Console . WriteLine ( nullableArrayNI . ElementType . ReadState ); // Nullable
class Example
{
public string ?[] NotNullableArray { get ; set ; }
public string ?[]? NullableArray { get ; set ; }
}
直接通过 Environment 获取进程ID和路径。
int processId = Environment . ProcessId
string path = Environment . ProcessPath ;
Console . WriteLine ( processId );
Console . WriteLine ( path );
和 DI 的 GetRequiredService() 是一样的, 如果缺失, 则会抛出异常。
WebApplicationBuilder builder = WebApplication . CreateBuilder ( args );
WebApplication app = builder . Build ();
MySettings mySettings = new ();
// Throws InvalidOperationException if a required section of configuration is missing
app . Configuration . GetRequiredSection ( "MySettings" ). Bind ( mySettings );
app . Run ();
class MySettings
{
public string ? SettingValue { get ; set ; }
}
您可以从密码安全伪随机数生成器 (CSPNG) 轻松生成随机值序列。
它对于以下场景中很有用：
•密钥生成
•随机数
•某些签名方案
// Fills an array of 300 bytes with a cryptographically strong random sequence of values.
// GetBytes(byte[] data);
// GetBytes(byte[] data, int offset, int count)
// GetBytes(int count)
// GetBytes(Span data)
byte [] bytes = RandomNumberGenerator . GetBytes ( 300 );
.NET 6 引入了一个新的 API 来分配本机内存, NativeMemory 有分配和释放内存的方法。
unsafe
{
byte * buffer = ( byte *) NativeMemory . Alloc ( 100 );
NativeMemory . Free ( buffer );
/* This class contains methods that are mainly used to manage native memory.
public static class NativeMemory
{
public unsafe static void * AlignedAlloc ( nuint byteCount , nuint alignment );
public unsafe static void AlignedFree ( void * ptr );
public unsafe static void * AlignedRealloc ( void * ptr , nuint byteCount , nuint alignment );
public unsafe static void * Alloc ( nuint byteCount );
public unsafe static void * Alloc ( nuint elementCount , nuint elementSize );
public unsafe static void * AllocZeroed ( nuint byteCount );
public unsafe static void * AllocZeroed ( nuint elementCount , nuint elementSize );
public unsafe static void Free ( void * ptr );
public unsafe static void * Realloc ( void * ptr , nuint byteCount );
}*/
}
.NET 6 引入了用于处理 2 的幂的新方法。
•'IsPow2' 判断指定值是否为 2 的幂。
•'RoundUpToPowerOf2' 将指定值四舍五入到 2 的幂。
// IsPow2 evaluates whether the specified Int32 value is a power of two.
Console . WriteLine ( BitOperations . IsPow2 ( 128 )); // True
// RoundUpToPowerOf2 rounds the specified T:System.UInt32 value up to a power of two.
Console . WriteLine ( BitOperations . RoundUpToPowerOf2 ( 200 )); // 256
您可以更轻松地等待异步任务执行, 如果超时会抛出 “TimeoutException”
Task operationTask = DoSomethingLongAsync ();
await operationTask . WaitAsync ( TimeSpan . FromSeconds ( 5 ));
async Task DoSomethingLongAsync ()
{
Console . WriteLine ( "DoSomethingLongAsync started." );
await Task . Delay ( TimeSpan . FromSeconds ( 10 ));
Console . WriteLine ( "DoSomethingLongAsync ended." );
}
// Output:
// DoSomethingLongAsync started.
// Unhandled exception.System.TimeoutException: The operation has timed out.
新方法:
•SinCos
•ReciprocalEstimate
•ReciprocalSqrtEstimate
新的重载：
•Min, Max, Abs, Sign, Clamp 支持 nint 和 nuint
•DivRem 返回一个元组, 包括商和余数。
// New methods SinCos, ReciprocalEstimate and ReciprocalSqrtEstimate
// Simultaneously computes Sin and Cos
( double sin , double cos ) = Math . SinCos ( 1.57 );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Sin = {sin} Cos = {cos}" );
// Computes an approximate of 1 / x
double recEst = Math . ReciprocalEstimate ( 5 );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Reciprocal estimate = {recEst}" );
// Computes an approximate of 1 / Sqrt(x)
double recSqrtEst = Math . ReciprocalSqrtEstimate ( 5 );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Reciprocal sqrt estimate = {recSqrtEst}" );
// New overloads
// Min, Max, Abs, Clamp and Sign supports nint and nuint
( nint a , nint b ) = ( 5 , 10 );
nint min = Math . Min ( a , b );
nint max = Math . Max ( a , b );
nint abs = Math . Abs ( a );
nint clamp = Math . Clamp ( abs , min , max );
nint sign = Math . Sign ( a );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Min = {min} Max = {max} Abs = {abs}" );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Clamp = {clamp} Sign = {sign}" );
// DivRem variants return a tuple
( int quotient , int remainder ) = Math . DivRem ( 2 , 7 );
Console . WriteLine ( $ "Quotient = {quotient} Remainder = {remainder}" );
// Output:
// Sin = 0.9999996829318346
// Cos = 0.0007963267107331026
// Reciprocal estimate = 0.2
// Reciprocal sqrt estimate = 0.4472135954999579
// Min = 5
// Max = 10
// Abs = 5
// Clamp = 5
// Sign = 1
// Quotient = 0
// Remainder = 2
这个是在字典中循环或者修改结可变结构体时用, 可以减少结构的副本复制, 也可以避免字典重复进行哈希计算，这个有点晦涩难懂，有兴趣的可以看看这个
Dictionary int , MyStruct dictionary = new ()
{
{ 1 , new MyStruct { Count = 100 } }
};
int key = 1 ;
ref MyStruct value = ref CollectionsMarshal . GetValueRefOrNullRef ( dictionary , key );
// Returns Unsafe.NullRef () if it doesn't exist; check using Unsafe.IsNullRef(ref value)
if (! Unsafe . IsNullRef ( ref value ))
{
Console . WriteLine ( value . Count ); // Output: 100
// Mutate in-place
value . Count ++;
Console . WriteLine ( value . Count ); // Output: 101
}
struct MyStruct
{
public int Count { get ; set ; }
}
IHostBuilder 上的新 ConfigureHostOptions API, 可以更简单的配置应用。
public class Program
{
public static void Main ( string [] args )
{
CreateHostBuilder ( args ). Build (). Run ();
}
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder ( string [] args ) =
Host . CreateDefaultBuilder ( args )
. ConfigureHostOptions ( o =
{
o . ShutdownTimeout = TimeSpan . FromMinutes ( 10 );
});
}
.NET 6 引入了一种新的 CreateAsyncScope 方法, 当您处理 IAsyncDisposable 的服务时现有的 CreateScope 方法会引发异常, 使用 CreateAsyncScope 可以完美解决。
await using var provider = new ServiceCollection ()
. AddScoped Example ()
. BuildServiceProvider ();
await using ( var scope = provider . CreateAsyncScope ())
{
var example = scope . ServiceProvider . GetRequiredService Example ();
}
class Example : IAsyncDisposable
{
public ValueTask DisposeAsync () = default ;
}
•DecryptCbc
•DecryptCfb
•DecryptEcb
•EncryptCbc
•EncryptCfb
•EncryptEcb
static byte [] Decrypt ( byte [] key , byte [] iv , byte [] ciphertext )
{
using ( Aes aes = Aes . Create ())
{
aes . Key = key ;
return aes . DecryptCbc ( ciphertext , iv , PaddingMode . PKCS7 );
}
}