你可以先用内存监控工具，进行监控，看看这个功能到底用多少内存。如果不多，其实都不需要实现你说的代码监控的。如果你要使用代码监控，你可是使用Runtime类的几个属性，MaxMemory、FreeMemory、TotalMemory。然后实现个线程，在下载pdf功能前开启线程，然后完毕时关闭线程，如果内存即将溢出（设定个阈值，比如说15%），就报错，跳转到错误页面。
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方法如下：
首先
创建一个Bean用来存贮要得到的信
public class MonitorInfoBean {
/** 可使用内存. */
private long totalMemory;
/** 剩余内存. */
private long freeMemory;
/** 最大可使用内存. */
private long maxMemory;
/** 操作系统. */
private String osName;
/** 总的物理内存. */
private long totalMemorySize;
/** 剩余的物理内存. */
private long freePhysicalMemorySize;
/** 已使用的物理内存. */
private long usedMemory;
/** 线程总数. */
private int totalThread;
/** cpu使用率. */
private double cpuRatio;
public long getFreeMemory() {
return freeMemory;
}
public void setFreeMemory(long freeMemory) {
this.freeMemory = freeMemory;
}
public long getFreePhysicalMemorySize() {
return freePhysicalMemorySize;
}
public void setFreePhysicalMemorySize(long freePhysicalMemorySize) {
this.freePhysicalMemorySize = freePhysicalMemorySize;
}
public long getMaxMemory() {
return maxMemory;
}
public void setMaxMemory(long maxMemory) {
this.maxMemory = maxMemory;
}
public String getOsName() {
return osName;
}
public void setOsName(String osName) {
this.osName = osName;
}
public long getTotalMemory() {
return totalMemory;
}
public void setTotalMemory(long totalMemory) {
this.totalMemory = totalMemory;
}
public long getTotalMemorySize() {
return totalMemorySize;
}
public void setTotalMemorySize(long totalMemorySize) {
this.totalMemorySize = totalMemorySize;
}
public int getTotalThread() {
return totalThread;
}
public void setTotalThread(int totalThread) {
this.totalThread = totalThread;
}
public long getUsedMemory() {
return usedMemory;
}
public void setUsedMemory(long usedMemory) {
this.usedMemory = usedMemory;
}
public double getCpuRatio() {
return cpuRatio;
}
public void setCpuRatio(double cpuRatio) {
this.cpuRatio = cpuRatio;
}
}
之后，建立bean的接口
public interface IMonitorService {
public MonitorInfoBean getMonitorInfoBean() throws Exception;
}
然后，就是最关键的，得到cpu的利用率，已用内存，可用内存，最大内存等信息。
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import sun.management.ManagementFactory;
import com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
/**
* 获取系统信息的业务逻辑实现类.
* @author GuoHuang
*/
public class MonitorServiceImpl implements IMonitorService {
private static final int CPUTIME = 30;
private static final int PERCENT = 100;
private static final int FAULTLENGTH = 10;
private static final File versionFile = new File("/proc/version");
private static String linuxVersion = null;
/**
* 获得当前的监控对象.
* @return 返回构造好的监控对象
* @throws Exception
* @author GuoHuang
*/
public MonitorInfoBean getMonitorInfoBean() throws Exception {
int kb = 1024;
// 可使用内存
long totalMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / kb;
// 剩余内存
long freeMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() / kb;
// 最大可使用内存
long maxMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / kb;
OperatingSystemMXBean osmxb = (OperatingSystemMXBean) ManagementFactory
.getOperatingSystemMXBean();
// 操作系统
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
// 总的物理内存
long totalMemorySize = osmxb.getTotalPhysicalMemorySize() / kb;
// 剩余的物理内存
long freePhysicalMemorySize = osmxb.getFreePhysicalMemorySize() / kb;
// 已使用的物理内存
long usedMemory = (osmxb.getTotalPhysicalMemorySize() - osmxb
.getFreePhysicalMemorySize())
/ kb;
// 获得线程总数
ThreadGroup parentThread;
for (parentThread = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); parentThread
.getParent() != null; parentThread = parentThread.getParent())
;
int totalThread = parentThread.activeCount();
double cpuRatio = 0;
if (osName.toLowerCase().startsWith("windows")) {
cpuRatio = this.getCpuRatioForWindows();
}
else {
cpuRatio = this.getCpuRateForLinux();
}
// 构造返回对象
MonitorInfoBean infoBean = new MonitorInfoBean();
infoBean.setFreeMemory(freeMemory);
infoBean.setFreePhysicalMemorySize(freePhysicalMemorySize);
infoBean.setMaxMemory(maxMemory);
infoBean.setOsName(osName);
infoBean.setTotalMemory(totalMemory);
infoBean.setTotalMemorySize(totalMemorySize);
infoBean.setTotalThread(totalThread);
infoBean.setUsedMemory(usedMemory);
infoBean.setCpuRatio(cpuRatio);
return infoBean;
}
private static double getCpuRateForLinux(){
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader isr = null;
BufferedReader brStat = null;
StringTokenizer tokenStat = null;
try{
System.out.println("Get usage rate of CUP , linux version: "+linuxVersion);
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("top -b -n 1");
is = process.getInputStream();
isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
brStat = new BufferedReader(isr);
if(linuxVersion.equals("2.4")){
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
tokenStat = new StringTokenizer(brStat.readLine());
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String user = tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String system = tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String nice = tokenStat.nextToken();
System.out.println(user+" , "+system+" , "+nice);
user = user.substring(0,user.indexOf("%"));
system = system.substring(0,system.indexOf("%"));
nice = nice.substring(0,nice.indexOf("%"));
float userUsage = new Float(user).floatValue();
float systemUsage = new Float(system).floatValue();
float niceUsage = new Float(nice).floatValue();
return (userUsage+systemUsage+niceUsage)/100;
}else{
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
tokenStat = new StringTokenizer(brStat.readLine());
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String cpuUsage = tokenStat.nextToken();
System.out.println("CPU idle : "+cpuUsage);
Float usage = new Float(cpuUsage.substring(0,cpuUsage.indexOf("%")));
return (1-usage.floatValue()/100);
}
} catch(IOException ioe){
System.out.println(ioe.getMessage());
freeResource(is, isr, brStat);
return 1;
} finally{
freeResource(is, isr, brStat);
}
}
1、ide一般run时可设置内存大小，如eclipse设置如下
eclipse安装后，在安装目录有个config.ini文件，内容如下：
-vmargs
-Xms40m
-Xmx256m
或是 其实也很简单。打开Eclipse包，在Contents/MacOS 目录下有一个 eclipse.ini 文件，
用编辑工具打开他，把Xms128m更改成Xms256m。
这个文件用来配置eclipse启动时候的内存分配方案，Xms是初始化内存大小，Xmx是最大可使用内存大小，这个默认的配置是eclipse资源消耗最小化的配置。如果你的项目比较大，这个配置必须改，一般适当调整为128，384即可，若项目更大一些则调整的再大一些，根据实际情况决定。这个参数配置的大小很关键，太小，eclipse垃圾回收会过于频繁导致很慢，或者内存堆栈溢出而崩溃。太大，eclipse会吃掉大量内存，垃圾回收周期变长，但每次回收会很慢，影响使用。所以你在配置的时候需要权衡，尝试！
2、web可以在web容器中设置相关大小
3、一般写代码时，如果会用到大内存时，要注意。