小编给大家分享一下Zabbix+Python如何监控Oracle数据库，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧！
一、规划监控项
监控数据库的目的是为了保障数据库稳定运行，一旦出现故障，dba能够及时发现并介入处理，监控项分为以下两类
1. 数据库空间不足或数据库发生故障，DBA需要立即处理。
监控项包括表空间、用户状态、实例状态、锁、大量等待事件、闪回区使用率等。此类监控项需要给其设置触发器，一旦出现异常，及时告警。
2. 数据库运行状态的一些统计信息，为DBA定位数据库性能问题发生的时间和类别提供参考。
监控项包括常见的等待事件发生的次数，命中率、硬解析比例等。
下面表格中列出附件中模板的监控项
二、安装配置步骤
环境说明：
实测环境Ubuntu 16 + Zabbix server 4.2 + python 3.5 + Oracle Client 19 , 被监控Oracle 11G及以上
安装oracle客户端
oracle-instantclient-basic-linuxx64.rpm
oracle-instantclient-devel-linuxx64.rpm
oracle-instantclient-sqlplus-linuxx64.rpm
配置环境变量
vi + /etc/profile
---------------------------------------------
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
执行下面的命令让配置生效
source /etc/profile
添加动态库配置文件
vi + /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf
---------------------------------------
/usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64/lib
执行命令ldconfig
建立TNS配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64/network/admin
vi tnsnames.ora
chown -R python：python /usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64/network/admin
配置环境变量
vim /home/python/.bashrc
添加如下内容
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china'.ZHS16GBK
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
生效环境变量：source /home/python/.bashrc
安装python相关包，安装cx_Oracle(python连接oracle的包)
新的版本：https://github.com/oracle/python-cx_Oracle
安装指导：https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/installation.html
root@zabbix: # python -m pip install cx_Oracle --upgrade
Collecting cx_Oracle
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/a6/7cd37cdccf246/cx_Oracle-7.3.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (736kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 737kB 1.3MB/s
Installing collected packages: cx-Oracle
Successfully installed cx-Oracle-7.3.0
You are using pip version 9.0.3, however version 20.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
安装argparse
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/2.6/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
python get-pip.py
pip install argparse
-----------------排错pip--------------
root@zabbix:~# python3 --version
root@zabbix:~# sudo apt install python3-pip
root@zabbix:~# pip3 show argparse
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 20.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
root@zabbix:~# pip3 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/2e/df11eaec8b9/pip-20.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 387kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 8.1.1
Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
Successfully installed pip-20.1
root@zabbix:~# pip install argparse
Collecting argparse
Downloading argparse-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Installing collected packages: argparse
Successfully installed argparse-1.4.0
root@zabbix:~# pip show argparse
Name: argparse
Version: 1.4.0
Summary: Python command-line parsing library
Home-page: https://github.com/ThomasWaldmann/argparse/
Author: Thomas Waldmann
Author-email: tw@waldmann-edv.de
License: Python Software Foundation License
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages
Requires:
Required-by:
root@zabbix:~# python get-pip.py
Collecting pip<10
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/95/a05b57432e03/pip-9.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 460kB/s
Collecting setuptools<37
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/f6/fabf5459/setuptools-36.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (482kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 2.4MB/s
Collecting wheel<0.30
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/e9/84613450/wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (66kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 2.4MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
Found existing installation: pip 20.1
Uninstalling pip-20.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-20.1
Successfully installed pip-9.0.3 setuptools-36.8.0 wheel-0.29.0
You are using pip version 9.0.3, however version 20.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
上传python脚本
zabbix监控模板下载：https://github.com/YangBaohust/zabbix_templates
将附件中的pyora.py脚本放入/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts/目录下赋权限，让zabbix用户能够执行该脚本
chmod 755 /usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts/pyora.py
[注意：先在被监控机的oracle数据库中创建监控用户，用户名和密码可以自己随意指定
create user zabbix identified by zabbix;
grant connect,select any dictionary to zabbix;]
环境测试脚本--
root@zabbix:# python pyora.py --username db_user --password db_paas --address Monitor_DB_ip --port 15xx
--database db_name show_tablespaces
上面测试脚本的参数说明
username: 用户名
password: 密码
address: 被监控机ip地址
port: 端口号
database: oracle service name
有返回结果表示脚本能正常运行
zabbix监控主机中配置
在zabbix页面中，依次点击 Configuration – Hosts – Create host – Hostname (输入ip地址) – groups (选Linux servers) – Templates (选择Pyora_ExternalCheck_11G) – 点击上面的Add – Macros – 点击上面的Add添加宏，全部添加完毕后，点击下面的Add，主机即添加完毕。
查看监控数据：
依次点击 Monitoring – Latest Data – Host (选择对应的主机)，则可以看到监控的数据了
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