在Oracle Linux 7.1中安装Mariadb 10.0.38，因为Mariadb是Mysql的分支，安装操作基本类似。
1.首先下载安装介质mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86.tar.gz 并将其上传到服务器的/soft目录
2.创建用户与用户组
[root@cs1 soft]# groupadd mysql
[root@cs1 soft]# useradd -g mysql mysql
3.将介质解压到/usr/local/目录下
[root@cs1 soft]# cd /usr/local
[root@cs1 local]# gunzip < /soft/mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86.tar.gz | tar xvf -
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/man8/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/man8/mysqld.8
........省略..........
[root@cs1 local]# ls -lrt
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 src
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 10月 12 2017 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 9 2018 bin
drwxrwxr-x 13 1021 1004 4096 1月 31 02:40 mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
4.创建软链接
[root@cs1 local]# ln -s mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86 mysql
[root@cs1 local]# ls -lrt
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 src
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 10月 12 2017 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 9 2018 bin
drwxrwxr-x 13 1021 1004 4096 1月 31 02:40 mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 6月 4 14:43 mysql -> mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
5.确保目录mysql能够被用户mysql访问
[root@cs1 local]# cd mysql
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@cs1 mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
6.在安装Mariadb之前，必须创建Mariadb存放数据的目录并初始化grant表，执行mysql_install_db命令来安装Mariadb，如果使用root用户来执行，必须包含--user选项来指定用户，如果是mysql用户来执行可以忽略--user选项。使用 --basedir=path 选项指定Mariadb安装目录的路径,--datadir=path选项指定Mariadb数据目录的路径。如果没有指定--basedir与--datadir选项它们在/usr/local/mysql目录下创建一个data目录。
[root@cs1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in './data' ...
190604 14:44:44 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.38-MariaDB) starting as process 19627 ...
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
190604 14:44:46 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
190604 14:44:46 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.42-84.2 started; log sequence number 0
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616697
OK
Filling help tables...
190604 14:44:50 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.38-MariaDB) starting as process 19661 ...
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.42-84.2 started; log sequence number 1616697
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
190604 14:44:51 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
190604 14:44:53 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616707
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h cs1.jy.net password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at /tupian/20230522/ or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='./data'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at /tupian/20230522/Dashboard.jspa
The latest information about MariaDB is available at /tupian/20230522/
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
/tupian/20230522/
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
/tupian/20230522/
7.因为安装Mariadb的用户是root用户，而data目录必须要被mysql用户访问，因此修改data目录的用户与组权限
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R mysql data
8.在安装完成后来测试Mariadb的启动
[root@cs1 mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 19770
[root@cs1 mysql]# 190604 14:45:25 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/cs1.jy.net.err'.
190604 14:45:25 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
mysqld_safe是服务端工具，用于启动mysqld，并且是mysqld的守护进程，mysqld_safe加&在后台运行$BASEDIR/bin/mysqld_safe &。因为mysqld_safe是mysqld的守护进程，所以mysqld_safe脚本会在启动MySQL服务器后继续监控其运行情况，并在其死机时重新启动它。直接使用mysqld_safe启动mysqld时，mysqld_safe可以使用参数选项见mysqld_safe --help，此时可以使用其他配置文件，相当于mysqld_safe把参数传递给mysqld。mysql.server脚本其实也是调用mysqld_safe脚本去启动MySQL服务器的,但此时mysqld_safe不能使用参数选项即不能mysqld_safe --defaults-file这样的模式。
9.将启动Mariadb的脚本配置成服务通过service name start命令来启用
[root@cs1 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@cs1 mysql]# cat /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MariaDB running (19839)
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MariaDB... SUCCESS!
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld start
Starting MariaDB.190604 18:26:04 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/cs1.jy.net.err'.
190604 18:26:05 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
SUCCESS!
10.修改root用户密码
-bash-4.2$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [mysql]> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> exit
-bash-4.2$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
11.使用mytop工具来监控Mariadb，mytop在Mariadb安装时也会自动安装，而mysql中需要单独安装
-bash-4.2$ mytop --prompt -u root -d mysql
Password:
install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at (eval 13) line 3, line 1.
Perhaps the DBD::mysql perl module hasn't been fully installed,
or perhaps the capitalisation of 'mysql' isn't right.
Available drivers: DBM, ExampleP, File, Gofer, Proxy, SQLite, Sponge.
at /usr/local/mysql//bin/mytop line 253.
错误信息说明没有安装perl-DBD-MySQL工具包
12.安装perl-DBD-MySQ工具包
[root@cs1 bin]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL
已加载插件：langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
file:///run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86/repodata/repomd.xml"
正在尝试其它镜像。
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86.0.4.023-5.0.1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(bit)，它被软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(bit)，它被软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86.0.5.6.23-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-) = 5.6.23-3.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86.0.5.6.23-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
perl-DBD-MySQL x86 4.023-5.0.1.el7 local 140 k
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-common x86 5.6.23-3.el7 local 256 k
mysql-community-libs x86 5.6.23-3.el7 local 2.0 M
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)
总下载量：2.4 M
安装大小：12 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Error downloading packages:
mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
出现不能下载相关工具包的错误
13.将操作系统ISO文件挂载到系统中并进入Packages目录执行rpm命令来安装
root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt mysql*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 13136 5月 14 2014 mysql-connector-java-5.1.25-3.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 145144 8月 6 2014 mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4203 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-bench-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19378376 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-client-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3435828 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2624 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262516 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19979168 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-client-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3543424 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23060740 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23733580 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4916 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2104968 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2040356 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68058508 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60224180 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-server-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59280136 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-test-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ihv mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
mysql-community-common(x86-) = 5.6.23-3.el7 被 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86 需要
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.e################################# [100%]
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ihv mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7################################# [100%]
[root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt perl-DBD-MySQL
ls: 无法访问perl-DBD-MySQL: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt perl-DBD-MySQL*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 143092 8月 6 2014 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ivh perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
警告：perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7 ################################# [100%]
14.执行mytop命令来监控Mariadb
-bash-4.2$ mytop -u root -p 123456
MariaDB on localhost (10.0.38-MariaDB) up 0+01:04:21 [15:49:46]
Queries: 170.0 qps: 0 Slow: 0.0 Se/In/Up/De(%): 06/00/00/00
Sorts: 0 qps now: 1 Slow qps: 0.0 Threads: 2 ( 1/ 0) 00/00/00/00
Handler: (R/W/U/D) 0/ 0/ 0/ 0 Tmp: R/W/U: 89/ 89/ 0
ISAM Key Efficiency: 0.0% Bps in/out: 1.4/ 66.6 Now in/out: 22.6/ 2.9k
Id User Host/IP DB Time % Cmd State Query
-- ---- ------- -- ---- - --- ----- ----------
12 root localhost mysql 10 0.0 Sleep
10 root localhost test 0 0.0 Query init show full processlist
到此安装也就完成了。