这篇文章主要讲解了“hadoop该怎么部署”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“hadoop该怎么部署”吧！
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Hadoop介绍:
广义: 以apache hadoop软件为主的生态圈(hive zookeeper spark hbase)
狭义: 单指apache hadoop软件
相关官网：
hadoop.apache.org
hive.apache.org
spark.apache.org
cdh-hadoop：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh6/cdh/5/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0.tar.gz
hadoop软件及版本:
1.x 企业不用
2.x 主流
3.x 没有企业敢用
a.采坑
b.很多公司都是CDH5.x部署大数据环境 (www.cloudera.com)，即2.6.0-cdh6.7.0 =? apache hadoop2.6.0
很多公司都是CDH5.X部署大数据环境(www.cloudera.com),相当于是把一个生态圈的组件，集中成为一个系统。
作为基础环境，里面装的2.6.0-cdh6.7.0，注意此版本不等于apache hadoop2.6.0，因为
cdh6.7.0中hadoop做了bug升级。
hadoop软件:
hdfs：存储 分布式文件系统
mapreduce:计算。用java计算job1,job2,但企业不用java(开发难度大，代码复杂)
yarn: 资源和作业调度(cpu memory分配)，即：哪个作业分配到哪个节点中调度。
--如果需要按照ssh
Ubuntu Linux:
$ sudo apt-get install ssh
$ sudo apt-get install rsync
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
安装部分：
环境：CentOS 伪分布安装：即单节点安装
HADOOP版本：hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0.tar.gz
JDK版本：jdk-8u45-linux-x64.gz
安装原则：不同软件需要指定对应的用户
linux root用户
mysql mysqladmin用户
hadoop hadoop用户
1.创建hadoop用户和上传hadoop软件
******************************
useradd hadoop
su - hadoop
mkdir app
cd app/
上传hadoop包
结果如下：
[hadoop@hadoop app]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/app
[hadoop@hadoop app]$ ls -l
total 304288
drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 14 23:37 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 311585484 Feb 14 17:32 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0.tar.gz
***********************************
2.部署jdk ,要用CDH版本的JDK
***********************************
创建JDK目录，上传JDK包要用CDH版本的JDK
su - root
mkdir /usr/java #上传JDK包到此目录
mkdir /usr/share/java #部署CDH环境时jdbc jar包需要放到此目录，否则报错
cd /usr/java
tar -xzvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.gz #解压JDK
drwxr-xr-x 8 uucp 143 4096 Apr 11 2015 jdk1.8.0_45 #注意解压后用户、组是不对的，需要改用户组为root:root
chown -R root:root jdk1.8.0_45
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Apr 11 2015 jdk1.8.0_45
结果如下：
[root@hadoop java]# pwd
/usr/java
[root@hadoop java]# ll
total 169216
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Apr 11 2015 jdk1.8.0_45
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173271626 Jan 26 18:35 jdk-8u45-linux-x64.gz
*****************************************
3.设置java环境变量
su - root
vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JER_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JER_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
[root@hadoop java]# which java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45/bin/java
**********************
4.解压hadoop
su - hadoop
cd /home/hadoop/app
[hadoop@hadoop002 app]$ tar -xzvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop002 app]$ cd hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ ll
total 76
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 bin 可执行脚本
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 bin-mapreduce1
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 cloudera
drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 etc 配置目录(conf)
drwxr-xr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 examples
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 examples-mapreduce1
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 lib jar包目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 sbin hadoop组件的启动 停止脚本
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 share
drwxr-xr-x 17 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 src
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
*********************************************************
4.解压并配置hadoop
su - hadoop
cd app
tar -xzvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0.tar.gz
cd /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/etc/hadoop
vi core-site.xml
vi hdfs-site.xml
配置hadoop的环境变量，否则会在启动时候报错
vi /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/etc/hadoop
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45
*****************************
*****************************
5.配置ssh localhost无密码信任关系
su - hadoop
ssh-keygen #一直回车
cd .ssh #可以看到两个文件
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys #生成authorized_keys信任文件
ssh localhost date
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b1:94:33:ec:95:89:bf:06:3b:ef:30:2f:d7:8e:d2:4c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Wed Feb 13 22:41:17 CST 2019
chmod 600 authorized_keys #非常重要，如果不更改权限，执行ssh localhost date时会让输入密码，但hadoop用户根本无密码，此时就是权限搞的猫腻。
**********************************
6.格式化
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format
***************************************
cd /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0
bin/hdfs namenode -format #为何进入bin 再 hdfs namenode -format说找不到hdfs命令
***************************************
7.启动hadoop服务
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
19/02/13 22:47:42 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop002.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop002.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
The authenticity of host '0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b1:94:33:ec:95:89:bf:06:3b:ef:30:2f:d7:8e:d2:4c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes #输入yes,,因为ssh 信任关系 是配置的是localhost，而非0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0: Warning: Permanently added '0.0.0.0' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop002.out
19/02/13 22:49:47 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ sbin/stop-dfs.sh
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
19/02/13 22:57:23 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop002.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop002.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop002.out
19/02/13 22:57:38 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ jps #检验是否正常启动，需启动以下四个服务
15059 Jps
14948 SecondaryNameNode 第二名称节点 老二
14783 DataNode 数据节点 小弟
14655 NameNode 名称节点 老大 读写
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
open http://ip:50070 #安装成功可以打开hadoop的web管理界面:如图
8.配置hadoop命令环境变量
***************************************************************
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export HADOOP_PREFIX=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0
export PATH=$HADOOP_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
source ~/.bash_profile
/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0
***************************************************************
9.操作hadoop, hdfs dfs操作命令和Linux命令极其相似
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -ls /
19/02/13 23:08:35 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -ls /
19/02/13 23:11:22 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ ls /
bin dev home lib64 media opt root sbin srv tmp var
boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc run selinux sys usr
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /ruozedata
19/02/13 23:11:51 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -ls /
19/02/13 23:11:56 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-02-13 23:11 /ruozedata
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ ls /
bin dev home lib64 media opt root sbin srv tmp var
boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc run selinux sys usr
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$
10.查看帮助
[hadoop@hadoop002 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh6.7.0]$ bin/hdfs --help
作业:
1.ssh博客 阅读 摘抄
http://blog.itpub.net/30089851/viewspace-1992210/
http://blog.itpub.net/30089851/viewspace-2127102/
2.部署hdfs伪分布式
3.博客要写到hdfs伪分布式
小提示：
如果 su - zookeeper不能切换
解决方法：
更改：/etc/passwd中zookeeper用户的登录方式由/sbin/nologin==>/bin/bash即可
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“hadoop该怎么部署”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对hadoop该怎么部署这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是创新互联，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！