单例的实现方式:
1、基于类
#encoding=utf-8
class Singleton(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
@classmethod
def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
Singleton._instance = Singleton(*args, **kwargs)
return Singleton._instance
s1 = Singleton.instance()
s2 = Singleton.instance()
print(s1 is s2)
支持多线程:
#encoding=utf-8
import threading
class Singleton(object):
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
def __init__(self):
pass
@classmethod
def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):#
with Singleton._instance_lock:#枷锁
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
Singleton._instance = Singleton(*args, **kwargs)
return Singleton._instance
def task(arg):
obj = Singleton.instance()
print(obj)
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=task,args=(i,))
t.start()
obj = Singleton.instance()
print(obj)
2、利用__new__()
#encoding=utf-8
class Singleton(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
if not hasattr(cls,"_instance"):
cls._instance = object.__new__(cls)
return cls._instance
p1 = Singleton()
p2 = Singleton()
print(p1 is p2)
支持多线程方式
#encoding=utf-8
import threading
class Singleton(object):
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
def __init__(self):
pass
def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
if not hasattr(cls,"_instance"):
with cls._instance_lock:
if not hasattr(cls,"_instance"):
cls._instance = object.__new__(cls)
return cls._instance
def task():
obj = Singleton()
print(obj)
for i in range(20):
t = threading.Thread(target=task,args=())
t.start()
3、利用装饰器
#encoding=utf-8
import threading
def Singleton(cls):
_instance = {}
def _singleton(*args,**kwargs):
if cls not in _instance:
_instance[cls] = cls(*args,**kwargs)
return _instance[cls]
return _singleton
@Singleton
class Person(object):#Person = Singleton(Person)
a = 10
def __init__(self,x=0):
self.x = x
p = Person(2)#_singleton(2)
p2 = Person(3)
print(p is p2)
print(p.x)
print(p2.x)
示例1：
#encoding=utf-8
class Person(object):
__instance = None#定义一个类变量，用于绑定实例对象
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
@classmethod
def get_instance(cls,name,age):
if cls.__instance == None:
cls.__instance =Person(name,age)
return cls.__instance
def get_info(self):
return self.name + ":" + str(self.age)
p1 = Person.get_instance("xxx",20)
p2 = Person.get_instance("yyy",50)
print(p1 is p2)
print(p1.get_info())
print(p2.get_info())
#此种实现方式无法在生成实例后改变实例变量的值
示例2：
#encoding=utf-8
class Singleton(object):
_instance = None
def __new__(cls,a,b,*args,**kwargs):
if cls._instance == None:
cls._instance = super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
return cls._instance
class Person(Singleton):
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def getInfo(self):
return "姓名: %s,年龄: %s" %(self.name,self.age)
p1 = Person("张三",20)
print(p1.getInfo())
p2 = Person("李四",20)
print(p1.getInfo())
print(p1 is p2)
print("类变量: ",Person._instance)
示例3：
#encoding=utf-8
class Person(object):
__instance = None#创建一个类变量用户存储类的实例对象
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __new__(cls,name,age):#自定义Person自己的__new__()方法用于产生实例对象，此处需要传入name，age两个参数
if cls.__instance == None:#保证实例对象__instance只会被赋值一次，如果之前已经创建过实例，直接返回之前创建的实例
#cls.__instance = super(Person,cls).__new__(cls)
cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)#调用父类的__new__方法创建对象
return cls.__instance#返回实例对象
def getInfo(self):
return "姓名: %s,年龄: %s" %(self.name,self.age)
p1 = Person("h",20)
print(p1.getInfo())
p2 = Person("kkk",30)
print(p1.getInfo())
print(p2.getInfo())
print(p1 is p2)
'''
以上代码执行过程：
p1 = Person("h",20)
首先调用__new__方法产生实例p1，此时Person的__instance为none所以会创建一个对象，
然后调用__init__方法，把返回的实例对象__instance传入self中，并初始实例变量name，age
print(p2.getInfo())
首先调用__new__方法产生实例p2，此时Person的__instance为不为None,为p1,所以会直接返回对象p1，
然后调用__init__方法，把返回的实例对象__instance传入self中，并用新的name，age初始实例变量name，age
'''
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